Yes, it's possible. You can borrow the definitions of the bullets from http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/beamer/base/beamerbaseauxtemplates.sty
Lets take the bullet as an example. The beamer definition is
\defbeamertemplate{itemize item}{circle}{\small\raise0.5pt\hbox{\textbullet}}
To use this in an article:
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\renewcommand\labelitemi{\small\raise0.5pt\hbox{\textbullet}}
%\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\raise0.25ex\hbox{\vrule width 1ex height 1ex}}
\begin{document}
\begin{itemize}
\item Item-1
\item Item-2
\end{itemize}
\end{document}
In principle the same can be done with the more complex shaped like the 3D ball, but as this is already solved in Using Beamer bullets in poster it's easier to borrow the code there
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\colouredcircle}{%
\tikz{\useasboundingbox (-0.2em,-0.32em) rectangle(0.2em,0.32em);
\draw[ball color=blue,shading=ball,line width=0.03em] (0,0) circle(0.18em);}}
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{\colouredcircle}
\begin{document}
\begin{itemize}
\item Item-1
\item Item-2
\end{itemize}
\end{document}
