There are a number of simplified text markup languages, including the one use in wikipedia, the one used in stackoverflow, and the one used in github.
I am particulalry interested in githubs language, so called, [markdown][1] whose syntax seems as simple as this cheatsheet I just made:
# This is like \section
## This is like \subsection
### This is like \subsubsection
#### This is like \paragraph (say)
**bold** text is written like `*bold*` or `__bold__`
**italic** text is written like `*italic*` or `_italic_`
This are list:
- which can be bulleted
- or unbulleted, i.e., numbered
- or checklist.
To be numbered, write numbers, e.g., 1
1. first item
2. second item
1. third item
I particularly liked their simplified syntax for simple tables, and if not discouraged by the community, would be asking a related question soon.

wikipackage, seems to go on the direction you're pointing. – Guilherme Zanotelli Nov 03 '16 at 12:12markdown->pandoc->LaTeX|etc. is great. But as soon as the document gets even a little complicated, you start to miss the macro power of *TeX. For moderately simple things, you can add an intermediate step with GPP. This article shows a useful example (for ConTeXt). – jon Nov 03 '16 at 14:32