Update: Suggestion that does not need xpatch
\documentclass
[listof=totoc]
{scrbook}[2017/01/03]
\renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{\chaptername~\thechapter:\enskip}
\renewcommand*\raggedchapter{\centering}
\renewcommand\chapterlinesformat[3]{\MakeUppercase{#2#3}}
\newcommand\chapnumintoc[1]{\MakeUppercase{\chaptername}~#1}
\RedeclareSectionCommand[
tocentrynumberformat=\chapnumintoc,
tocdynnumwidth
]{chapter}
\RedeclareSectionCommand[tocindent=0pt]{section}
\RedeclareSectionCommand[tocindent=2.3em]{subsection}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\chapter{Title}
\section{Topic 1}
\subsection{Sub-topic 1}
\addchap{Unnumbered Chapter}
\end{document}
Run three times to get:

The original definition of \addchaptertocentry is
\newcommand*{\addchaptertocentry}[2]{%
\addtocentrydefault{chapter}{#1}{#2}%
\if@chaptertolists
\doforeachtocfile{%
\iftocfeature{\@currext}{chapteratlist}{%
\addxcontentsline{\@currext}{chapteratlist}[{#1}]{#2}%
}{}%
}%
\@ifundefined{float@addtolists}{}{\scr@float@addtolists@warning}%
\fi
}
If you still want to use option chapteratlists or listof=chaptergapsmall etc. you could patch command \addchaptertocentry:
\RequirePackage{luatex85}
\documentclass
[listof=totoc]
{scrbook}
\renewcommand*{\chapterformat}{\chaptername~\thechapter:\enskip}
\renewcommand*\raggedchapter{\centering}
\renewcommand\chapterlinesformat[3]{\MakeUppercase{#2#3}}
\usepackage{xpatch}
\xpatchcmd\addchaptertocentry
{\addtocentrydefault{chapter}{#1}{#2}}
{\ifstr{#1}{}
{\addtocentrydefault{chapter}{#1}{#2}}%
{\addtocentrydefault{chapter}{}{\MakeUppercase{\chaptername}~#1:\enskip#2}}%
}
{}{\PatchFailed}
\RedeclareSectionCommand[tocindent=0pt]{section}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\chapter{Title}
\section{Topic 1}
\subsection{Sub-topic 1}
\addchap{Unnumbered Chapter}
\end{document}
\addtocentrydefault{chapter}also prefixes LoF and LoT withCHAPTER. How can I make it only affect normal chapters? – Diaa Nov 29 '16 at 19:24