Writing formulas inside LaTeX Table

Question

I have a simple table. I found that some of the Mathematical expressions cross the border of the cells. How to fix this problem?

I have the second question please which is also related to my table: I have merged five cells; how I can split it into two equal cells?

Thanks in advance.

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}
%
\begin{table}[]
\centering
\caption{First Table}
\label{my table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|c|c|l|}
\hline
Name & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{a}               & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{b} & c                     & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{Test-1} & Test-2                                      \\ \hline
1    & aa                                   & bb                     & \multirow{5}{*}{same} & \multirow{2}{*}{222-a}      & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{333-a}} \\ \cline{1-3}
2    & cc                                   & dd                     &                       &                             & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{}                       \\ \cline{1-3} \cline{5-6} 
3    & ee                                   & ff                     &                       & \multirow{3}{*}{222-b}      & \multirow{3}{*}{333-b}                      \\ \cline{1-3}
4    & $\sin^{2}\left(\frac{\pi}{M}\right)$ & gg                     &                       &                             &                                             \\ \cline{1-3}
5    & hh                                   & ii                     &                       &                             &                                             \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
%
\end{document}

Answer 1

When it comes to writing mathematical formulas inside tables, your first impulse should be to treat it as if it were located in running, "inline" text. In particular, avoid \frac expressions and use in-fix "slash" notation instead.

Also, do try to give your tables a more "open" look. This is achieved easily simply by getting rid of all vertical lines; see below. Trust me, the vertical lines aren't needed, and they won't be missed.

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\setlength\extrarowheight{1pt}
\centering
\caption{First Table}
\label{my table}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc}
\hline
Name & a & b & c& Test-1 & Test-2 \\ 
\hline
1 & aa & bb& & \multirow{2}{*}{222-a} & \multirow{2}{*}{333-a} \\ 
\cline{1-3}
2 & cc & dd \\ 
\cline{1-3} \cline{5-6} 
3 & ee & ff & same \\ 
\cline{1-3}
4 & $\sin^{2^{\mathstrut}}(\pi/M)$ & gg & 
& 222-b & 333-b \\ 
\cline{1-3}
5 & hh & ii \\ 
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

You can make latex tables less tight, either changing the value of \arraystretch or using the \setcellgapes command, from makecell, which adds a fixed height and depth to all cells in a table. Of course, \multirow then requires some small adjustment.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath, array,multirow, makecell, caption}
\usepackage{cellspace} %
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{4pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{4pt}


\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!htbp]
  \centering
  \caption{First Table}
  \label{my table}\renewcommand\arraystretch{1.3}
  \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|c|c|l|}
    \hline
    Name & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{a} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{b} & c & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{Test-1} & Test-2 \\ \hline
    1 & aa & bb & \multirow{5}{*}{same} & \multirow{2}{*}{222-a} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{333-a}} \\ \cline{1-3}
    2 & cc & dd & & & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{1-3} \cline{5-6}
    3 & ee & ff & & \multirow{3}{*}{222-b} & \multirow{3}{*}{333-b} \\ \cline{1-3}
    4 & $\sin^{2}\left(\frac{π}{M}\right)$ & gg & & & \\ \cline{1-3}
    5 & hh & ii & & & \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!htbp]
  \centering
  \caption{First Table}
  \label{my table}\setcellgapes{3pt}\makegapedcells
  \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|c|c|l|}
    \hline
    Name & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{a} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{b} & c & \multicolumn{1}{l|}{Test-1} & Test-2 \\ \hline
    1 & aa & bb & \multirow{5}{*}[-0.72ex]{same} & \multirow{2}{*}{222-a} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\multirow{2}{*}{333-a}} \\ \cline{1-3}
    2 & cc & dd & & & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{1-3} \cline{5-6}
    3 & ee & ff & & \multirow{3}{*}[-.75ex]{222-b} & \multirow{3}{*}[-.75ex]{333-b} \\ \cline{1-3}
    4 & $\sin^{2}\left(\frac{π}{M}\right)$ & gg & & & \\ \cline{1-3}
    5 & hh & ii & & & \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}