Resizebox command for equations in align enviroment

Question

I am trying to reduce the size of math equations so as to fit them within the margin of a page. I took the idea of this command from here. For this command to work for multiple equations in align environment we need to put resize box command before every equation written within $...$. Is it possible to apply this command directly on the whole set of equations? The code is as follow:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{align}
&\resizebox{0.91\hsize}{!}{$u=\left(\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\right)\left({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x \right) +c_{{2}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 \right)  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) +c_{{2}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) }}\right)^{2}-\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2
}}{6}+\,\frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}$}\\
&\resizebox{0.91\hsize}{!}{$v= \left( \,\frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \right)\left({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x \right) +c_{{2}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 \right)  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) +c_{{2}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) }}\right)^{2}-\,\frac{2e_{{2}}{
\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\,\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}$}
\end{align}
\begin{align}
&u=\left(\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\right)\left({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x \right) +c_{{2}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 \right)  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) +c_{{2}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) }}\right)^{2}-\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2
}}{6}+\,\frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}\\
&v= \left( \,\frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \right)\left({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x \right) +c_{{2}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 \right)  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) +c_{{2}}\cosh \left( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x \right) }}\right)^{2}-\,\frac{2e_{{2}}{
\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\,\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\end{align}
\end{document}

don't do this!! If you box each cell separately you will have inconsistent font sizes within the same expression. It's bad enough to apply \resizebox to the entire expression which gives inconsistent font sizes within the document. — David Carlisle, Mar 28 '17 at 06:45
Also you are using align but not using any alignment points, why not &= to align the = ? — David Carlisle, Mar 28 '17 at 06:47
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score 7 · Answer 1 · edited Jun 10 '20 at 12:32

Here is an alternate presentation that you could consider for this specfic case:

Code:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\begin{document}
\begin{align}
u&=\biggl(\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\biggr)
    C - \frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{6}+ \frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\
v&= \biggl( \frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \biggr)
    C - \frac{2e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\
u&=\biggl(\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\biggr)
C -\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{6}+\frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\
v&= \biggl( \frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \biggr)
C -\frac{2e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\
\shortintertext{where}
C &= \biggl({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\mu
}x ) +c_{{2}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\mu}x)  }
{  c_{{1}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\mu}x ) +c_{{2}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\mu}x ) }}\biggr)^{!2}
\end{align}
\end{document}

score 6 · Answer 2 · answered Mar 28 '17 at 07:02

there is no need to apply scaling here, just linebreak to stay within bounds

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{align}
\begin{split}
u&=\biggl(\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\biggr)
   \biggl({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x ) +c_{{2}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x)  }
{  c_{{1}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +c_{{2}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) }}\biggr)^{2}\\
&\qquad-\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2
}}{6}+\,\frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\end{split}\\
\begin{split}
v&= \biggl( \,\frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \biggr)
\biggl({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x ) +c_{{2}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 )  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +c_{{2}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) }}\biggr)^{2}\\
&\qquad-\,\frac{2e_{{2}}{
\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\,\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\end{split}
\\
\begin{split}
u&=\biggl((\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{{2}}\mu\biggr)
\biggl({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x ) +c_{{2}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 )  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +c_{{2}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) }}\biggr)^{2}\\
&\qquad-\,\frac{d_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2
}}{6}+\,\frac{2d_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\end{split}\\
\begin{split}
v&= \biggl(( \,\frac{e_{{2}}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-e_{{2}}\mu \biggr)
\biggl({\frac { c_{{1}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu
}x ) +c_{{2}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x
 )  }{  c_{{1}}\sinh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +c_{{2}}\cosh ( \frac{1}{2}\,\sqrt {{
\lambda}^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) }}\biggr)^{2}\\
&\qquad-\,\frac{2e_{{2}}{
\lambda}^{2}}{3}+\,\frac{2e_{{2}}\mu}{3}
\end{split}
\end{align}
\end{document}

Zarko · Answer 3 · 2017-03-28T09:03:51.193

Looking in nice David Carlisle solution I observe, that the most space consuming part in all four equations are the same:

\frac{c_{1}\cosh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x) +
                    c_{2}\sinh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x)}
           {c_{1}\sinh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +
                    c_{2}\cosh (\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x)}

If this part you replace with some variable, for example D, than you can write your equation system for example like this:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}
Let
\begin{equation}
D = \left(\frac{c_{1}\cosh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x) +
                        c_{2}\sinh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x)}
               {c_{1}\sinh(\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x ) +
                        c_{2}\cosh (\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{\lambda^{2}-4\,\mu}x)}
    \right)\, ,
\end{equation} 
than:
    \begin{align}
u & = \left(\frac{d_{2}{\lambda}^{2}}{4}-d_{2}\mu\right)
        D^{2} - \frac{d_{2}{\lambda}^{2}}{6} + \frac{2d_{2}\mu}{3}  \\
v & = \left(\frac{e_{2}\lambda^{2}}{4}-e_{2}\mu \right)
        D^{2} - \frac{2e_{2}\lambda^{2}}{3} + \frac{2e_{2}\mu}{3}   \\
u & = \left(\frac{d_{2}{\lambda}^{2}}{4} - d_{2}\mu\right)
        D^{2} - \frac{d_{2}\lambda^{2}}{6} + \frac{2d_{2}\mu}{3}   \\
v & = \left(\frac{e_{2}\lambda^{2}}{4} - e_{2}\mu \right)
        D^{2} - \frac{2e_{2}\lambda^{2}}{3} + \frac{2e_{2}\mu}{3}
    \end{align}
\end{document}

which gives:

By the way, in above code I clean-up all surplus braces and spaces and wrong parenthesis ...

Edit: When I upload my answer I for unknown reason didn't see almost the same answer of Peter Grill. In doubt what to do now, I first delete my answer but later I observe (very) small differences in code and form (probably form of Peter is more correct) and on the end decided to left answer ...

You can remove the outer parentheses around the fraction in the first equation. — egreg, Mar 28 '17 at 08:59

Resizebox command for equations in align enviroment

3 Answers3

Code:

Linked