If you don't mind using LuaTeX (which obsoletes inputenc) and don't use anything that is really babel specific, then probably the following example will do (it's very minimal, defines only one font shape, the rest can be done similarly):
% Font loading package
\input luaotfload.sty
% Computer Modern Unicode (for Greek)
\font\tenrm={name:CMU Serif Roman:+tlig} at 10pt
% Define new language \polutonikogreek and load its hyphenation patterns
\newlanguage\polutonikogreek
\language\polutonikogreek
\input hyph-el-polyton.tex
% Switch to language 0 (English) as default
\language0
\tenrm
{\language\polutonikogreek
οὔ μοι τὰ Γύγεω τοῦ πολυχρύσου μέλει,}
he said
\bye
babeldocumentation has a section about support forplain. – Alan Munn Mar 30 '17 at 15:48bplainis a format that allows users to load babel in Plain (it loads babel's hyphenation switching code);inputenc, on the other hand, requires more LaTeX kernel code. So the answer is perhaps no. – jarnosc Mar 30 '17 at 19:36