I like using the the features of the csquotes package in the following manner:
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setdefaultlanguage[spelling=new, babelshorthands=true]{german}
\usepackage[german=guillemets]{csquotes}
\MakeAutoQuote{>}{<}
\usepackage{libertine}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
>OuterQuote >InnerQuote< OuterQuote<
\end{document}
By tinkering I found that it doesn't work together with the graphicx package compiling under LuaLaTeX. I receive the following error multiple times:
c:\texlive\2016\texmf-dist\tex\context\base\mkii\supp-pdf.mkii:136: Missing = inserted for \ifnum. [... \csname newcount\endcsname \scratchcounter]
However, when I use different autoquotes, such as \MakeAutoQuote{»}{«}, or use the above code slightly altered under PDFLaTeX, it works finely again. Can somebody explain to me what the error means and why it is specifically evoked by using \MakeAutoQuote{>}{<}?

<and>. There are use in various places, and you will run in lots of problem -- also with pdflatex. Try e.g. tikz and\tikz\draw[<->] (0,0)--(1,0);. – Ulrike Fischer May 24 '17 at 15:04