I would like to create many documents that all have the same (and also respectively specific) header and footer, no matter which class they are (all of them probably custom classes). Also, creating the documents shall be generic in the future, that is also why it would be nice to outsource that code.
Currently, I focused on writing a custom .sty file. Is this the right way or do I have to/should I include this in every .cls file?
Or is there another way to solve this problem?
(Tutorial page or example would also be very appreciated as understanding, for example, the fancyhdr documentation is pure horror for me.)

.clsfile by hand. Your first approach is perfectly fine. – Ruben Sep 12 '17 at 18:21preamble.tex, then in the new documents preambles insert just\input{preamble}and that is all. No need to know about\RequirePackageor\NeedsTeXFormat. – Fran Sep 13 '17 at 11:23