My solution is to use \tag{on parent equation.subcounter} in the next code below:
\def\parent#1{\label{#1}
\newcounter{#1}
\setcounter{#1}{0}
}
\def\child#1{
\stepcounter{#1}
\tag{\ref{#1}\alph{#1}}
}
MWE
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
%--------------------------------------------
\def\parent#1{\label{#1}
\newcounter{#1}
\setcounter{#1}{0}
}
\def\child#1{
\stepcounter{#1}
\tag{\ref{#1}\alph{#1}}
}
%-------------------------------------------
\begin{document}
The parental equation
\begin{equation}\parent{First}
x^2 - 1 = 0
\end{equation}
Same equation in different place of text
\begin{equation}\label{first}\child{First}
(x - 1)( x + 1) = 0 % need to be numerated as main equation labeled by First but with adding letter, e. g. like 1a
\end{equation}
Here~\eqref{first}
Same equation in different place of text
\begin{equation}\label{third}\child{First}
(x - 1)( x + 1) = 0 % need to be numerated as main equation labeled by First but with adding letter, e. g. like 1a
\end{equation}
The parental equation
\begin{equation}\parent{Second}
x^2 - 1 = 0
\end{equation}
Same equation in different place of text
\begin{equation}\label{anotherfirst}\child{Second}
(x - 1)( x + 1) = 0 % need to be numerated as main equation labeled by First but with adding letter, e. g. like 1a
\end{equation}
Here~\eqref{anotherfirst}
Same equation in different place of text
\begin{equation}\label{anotherthird}\child{Second}
(x - 1)( x + 1) = 0 % need to be numerated as main equation labeled by First but with adding letter, e. g. like 1a
\end{equation}
\end{document}

amsmathpackage you can write\tag{\ref{main-equation}.a}... – Zarko Oct 16 '17 at 09:51