This is a good example of why questions need a MWE. Writing $\copyright$ should have worked. (Sort of: the spacing is wrong because you enter and leave math mode.) The error message says you were using the font txr, which is from txfonts and defines this symbol correctly. (At least, as of 2020, but the package has not been updated since you asked your question.)
Without a MWE or any information about what versions of packages you’re using, it’s impossible to tell what the problem is.
In TeX Live 2020, I get:
\tracinglostchars=2
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{txfonts}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\noindent Literal: © \
Textcomp: \textcopyright \
{\LaTeXe} (text): \copyright \
{\LaTeXe} (math): (\copyright) \
TS1: {\fontencoding{TS1}\selectfont\symbol{"A9}}
\end{document}

There’s a newer package to replace txfonts, which has not been updated since 2005. But that shouldn’t make a difference here. the LaTeX kernel defines \copyright to use the same symbol as \textcopyright in either text or math mode. It defines \textcopyright in at least four different ways, but the default definition takes the symbol from the 8-bit TS1 encoding. There is a TS1txr.fd in the txfonts package, and it contains this symbol.
Either some other package you loaded breaks \copyright, or you should upgrade your TeX distribution, or perhaps updating to fontspec or newtxtext would fix this for you.
\documentclass{...}and ending with\end{document}– Saravanan Nov 20 '17 at 15:41T1encoding? – Bernard Nov 20 '17 at 15:47\textcopyright? – Mico Nov 20 '17 at 17:23\tracinglostchars=2, you’ll get the warning message on the console, not just buried in the log file. – Davislor Jun 12 '20 at 19:39