The ToC style presented in tcolorbox manual is written in tcolorbox.doc.abtract.tex which can be found in the documentation directory of tcolorbox, i.e. on my personal computer the path for TL 2017 is
/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/doc/latex/tcolorbox
I've copied the code from there and wrapped a small document around it.
Basically, the settings are just tcolorbox 'standards', then use \@starttoc{toc} in order to load the contents of \jobname.toc, as is done basically in any \tableofcontents macro.
The file goldshade.png is shipped with the tcolorbox package
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\begin{document}
\begin{tcolorbox}[breakable,enhanced jigsaw,title={Contents},fonttitle=\bfseries\Large,
colback=yellow!10!white,colframe=red!50!black,before=\par\bigskip\noindent,
interior style={fill overzoom image=goldshade.png,fill image opacity=0.25},
colbacktitle=red!50!yellow!75!black,
enlargepage flexible=\baselineskip,pad at break*=3mm,
watermark color=yellow!75!red!25!white,
watermark text={\bfseries\Large Contents},
attach boxed title to top center={yshift=-0.25mm-\tcboxedtitleheight/2,yshifttext=2mm-\tcboxedtitleheight/2},
boxed title style={enhanced,boxrule=0.5mm,
frame code={ \path[tcb fill frame] ([xshift=-4mm]frame.west) -- (frame.north west)
-- (frame.north east) -- ([xshift=4mm]frame.east)
-- (frame.south east) -- (frame.south west) -- cycle; },
interior code={ \path[tcb fill interior] ([xshift=-2mm]interior.west)
-- (interior.north west) -- (interior.north east)
-- ([xshift=2mm]interior.east) -- (interior.south east) -- (interior.south west)
-- cycle;} },
drop fuzzy shadow]
\makeatletter
\@starttoc{toc}
\makeatother
\end{tcolorbox}
\blinddocument
\end{document}
