With a KOMA-Script class like scrartcl
\addtotoclist[float]{lol}
\renewcommand*\listoflistings{\listoftoc[{\listoflistingscaption}]{lol}}
can be used to get the List of Listings (LOL) under control of package tocbasic. This package is loaded by the KOMA-Script classes und used for TOC, LOF, LOT, ... automatically. The optional argument of \addtotoclist sets owner=float for lol. So the settings of the KOMA-Script option listof={...} will also effect the LOL.
To format the entries for the listings in LOL, you could use
\DeclareTOCStyleEntry[
level=1,
indent=1.5em,
numwidth=2.3em
]{tocline}{listing}
or
\makeatletter
\newcommand\l@listing{\l@figure}
\makeatother
Example:
\documentclass{scrartcl}
\KOMAoption{listof}{totocnumbered,leveldown}
\usepackage{minted}
\addtotoclist[float]{lol}
\renewcommand*\listoflistings{\listoftoc[{\listoflistingscaption}]{lol}}
\DeclareTOCStyleEntry[
level=1,
indent=1.5em,
numwidth=2.3em
]{default}{listing}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Example Section}
\begin{listing}[hb]
\begin{minted}{java}
System.out.println("Test");
\end{minted}
\caption{Test}
\end{listing}
\section{Lists}
\listoffigures
\listoflistings
\end{document}
Result:

Standard classes like article does not define \KOMAoptions and does not load tocbasic. But you can load package tocbasic manually and use:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{minted}
\usepackage{tocbasic}
\addtotoclist[float]{lof}
\renewcommand*\listoffigures{\listoftoc[{\listfigurename}]{lof}}
\addtotoclist[float]{lol}
\renewcommand*\listoflistings{\listoftoc[{\listoflistingscaption}]{lol}}
\DeclareTOCStyleEntry[
level=1,
indent=1.5em,
numwidth=2.3em
]{default}{listing}
\doforeachtocfile[float]{%
\setuptoc{#1}{numbered,leveldown}%
}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Example Section}
\begin{listing}[hb]
\begin{minted}{java}
System.out.println("Test");
\end{minted}
\caption{Test}
\end{listing}
\section{Lists}
\listoffigures
\listoflistings
\end{document}
Result:

\listoffigures. If so, this seems like a workaround. So do you think this can/needs to be fixed in the minted package itself? – rugk Aug 29 '18 at 12:45tocloft) for the lists ... So maybe it is more like a feature request to get a numbered heading with lower level and a TOC entry for the LOL. – esdd Aug 29 '18 at 13:21