There are some conceptual issues with a style like this.
What if you cite the same source multiple times with several different postnotes? How would that be shown in the bibliography? How would a reader know which postnote belongs to which citation?
If you cite the same source multiple times it is much easier for a reader to have the page references directly in the citation. I only need to look up which work "[1]" is once and can then easily understand "[1, p. 234]" and "[1, p. 235]". But if all references are "[1]" and need to check the bibliography every time for a more specific pinpoint location, I'm just wasting my time.
Here is a proof of concept with biblatex based on ideas from Customize backref similar to Wikipedia to show that this works. I 'solved' the issues mentioned above using links to the specific occurrences. This sort of works for a PDF on screen, but of course badly breaks down in print.
\documentclass[british]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\usepackage[style=numeric, backend=biber]{biblatex}
\renewbibmacro{postnote}{}
\makeatletter
\DeclareFieldFormat{bibhypertarget}{%
\bibhypertarget{cbx:instcount:\the\value{instcount}}{#1}}
\def\abx@aux@pnbackref#1#2#3#4{%
\listcsgadd{cbx@pnbackref@#1@#2}{#3}%
\csgdef{cbx@pnbackref@postnote@#1@#2@#3}{#4}}
\def\blx@addpnbackref#1#2{%
\if@filesw
\protected@write\@mainaux{}{%
\string\abx@aux@pnbackref
{\the\c@refsection}{#1}{\the\value{instcount}}
{\detokenize{#2}}}%
\fi}
\def\blx@addpnbackref@helper#1{\blx@addpnbackref{\thefield{entrykey}}{#1}}
\def\blx@instcount@label{%
\label{cbx@instcount@\the\value{instcount}}}
\AtEveryCitekey{%
\iffieldundef{postnote}
{}
{\expandafter\blx@addpnbackref@helper\expandafter{\abx@field@postnote}}%
\blx@instcount@label
}
\newcommand*{\pnbackref@prnt@pn}[2]{%
\DeclareFieldFormat{bibhypertarget}{\bibhyperlink{cbx:instcount:#2}{##1}}%
\printtext[bibhypertarget]{%
$\uparrow$\printtext[postnote]{#1}}}
\newbibmacro*{pnbackref:item}[1]{%
\ifcsvoid{cbx@pnbackref@postnote@\the\c@refsection @\thefield{entrykey}@#1}
{}
{\letcs\cbx@tempa{cbx@pnbackref@postnote@\the\c@refsection @\thefield{entrykey}@#1}%
\expandafter\pnbackref@prnt@pn\expandafter{\cbx@tempa}{#1}%
\setunit{\addcomma\space}}}
\newbibmacro*{pnbackref}{%
\ifcsundef{cbx@pnbackref@\the\c@refsection @\thefield{entrykey}}
{}
{\forlistcsloop{\usebibmacro{pnbackref:item}}
{cbx@pnbackref@\the\c@refsection @\thefield{entrykey}}}}
\renewbibmacro*{pageref}{\usebibmacro{pnbackref}}
\makeatother
\renewcommand*{\bibpagerefpunct}{\addperiod\space}
\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\printtext[bibhypertarget]{%
\printtext[bibhyperref]{%
\printfield{labelprefix}%
\printfield{labelnumber}%
\ifbool{bbx:subentry}
{\printfield{entrysetcount}}
{}}}}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}
\begin{document}
Lorem~\autocite[380]{sigfridsson}
ipsum~\autocite[12-14]{worman}
dolor~\autocite{nussbaum}
sit~\autocite[381]{sigfridsson}
amet~\autocite[382]{sigfridsson}.
\clearpage
Lorem~\autocite[27-30]{geer}
ipsum~\autocite[\textbf{รค}]{worman}
dolor~\autocite[34]{pines}
sit~\autocite[382]{sigfridsson}
amet~\autocite[383]{sigfridsson}.
Dolor~\autocite[380-381]{worman}
\printbibliography
\end{document}

\cite[380]{sigfridsson}and later\cite[382]{sigfridsson}). What should happen in the bibliography? How would your readers tell which page reference belongs where? โ moewe Jul 28 '19 at 07:12biblatex, but if I'm allowed to choose which system I use I'd definitely go forbiblatex. โ moewe Jul 28 '19 at 08:09