I'm interested in reproducing this answer using the xfakebold package.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xfakebold}
\newcommand{\fbseries}{\unskip\setBold\aftergroup\unsetBold\aftergroup\ignorespaces}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\setBoldness}[1]{\def\fake@bold{#1}}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
This is some regular text.
% Default boldness = 0.3
This is some {\fbseries fake bold} text.
\setBoldness{0.5}%
This is some {\fbseries fake bolder} text.
\setBoldness{1}%
This is some {\fbseries fake boldest} text.
\end{document}
However when I attempt to reproduce in Overleaf or Sublime Text, I get:
Which is not the expected result. How can I get the expected outcome as shown in the question?

xfakeboldpackage into Overleaf? I have compiled your MWE with MikTeX and it works correctly. – Sebastiano Nov 12 '19 at 15:56--interaction nonstopmodeby any chance (which allows LaTeX to continue after an error, but with possibly wrong output)? – Marijn Nov 12 '19 at 16:28Font \T1/cmr/m/n/12=ecrm1200 at 12pt not loadable: metric data not found or bad.– John-Henry Nov 13 '19 at 01:08xfakeboldpackage does not work with XeLaTeX. You should get a warning in that case: "No LuaTeX or PDFTeX running! For Xe(La)TeX use the FakeBold option from package fontspec!" This is because the package uses PDF literals, which are not supported in this way by XeLaTeX. – Marijn Nov 13 '19 at 06:47