Either expl3 doesn't support lookbehind or I'm doing something wrong.
\documentclass[margin=5mm,varwidth]{standalone}
\usepackage{expl3}
\begin{document}
\ExplSyntaxOn
% must match dot that precedes "d"
\regex_match:nnTF{(?<=d)\.}{hello world.this is. some test}{match}{NO~match}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\end{document}
interface3.tex(at the end of thel3regexpart) says: "The following features are likely to be implemented at some point in the future: • General look-ahead/behind assertions." So I suppose it's not possible yet. You can open an issue/feature request in the LaTeX3 repo for this to be implemented. – Phelype Oleinik Nov 17 '19 at 20:09l3regexalone is more than 3000 lines of code and was written mostly by Bruno, so I believe that what is not yet implemented is due to the amount of effort vs. the number of use cases. Should you have an use case and present it, I think that you stand better chances of having this implemented... – Phelype Oleinik Nov 17 '19 at 21:04