If I understand your code correctly, you want to have the first part of some tabular material set on one page and the remaining tabular material at the very top of the next page. To force LaTeX to typeset the pending table float on the current page rather than defer it to some later point in the document that LaTeX's float-placement algorithm may deem to be appropriate, you should use \clearpage rather than \newpage, as \clearpage instructs LaTeX to "flush out" all pending floats (as well as start a new page). I take it that you've already ascertained that the first tabular enviroment -- the one that's currently encased in a table environment -- does fit on the intended page. You want to specify [htb!] as the placement directive for the table to give LaTeX maximum flexibility.
Or are you maybe looking to create a table that can span more than one page? If so, do check out the longtable, supertabular, and xtab environments. Unlike the standard LaTeX table environment, which can not cross page boundaries, these environments can all span multiple pages.
Addendum. As @egreg already suggested in a comment, don't use \begin{center} ... \end{center}; instead, use \centering after the \caption command and before the \begin{tabular}{...} command. The center environment inserts extra vertical whitespace, which is probably not what you want to achieve; the \centering macro centers everything in its scope but does not insert extra vertical whitespace.
centerenvironment around atableenvironment; instead, put\centeringafter\begin{table}– egreg Apr 24 '12 at 20:30tableenvironment defines a "floating object". Every LaTeX guide describes them. – egreg Apr 24 '12 at 20:36tabularenvironment is not a floating object and this is why thevspaceno longer works? – Alex Apr 24 '12 at 20:39\vspace*{-2.5cm}after\newpageanyway. Why should one want it? – egreg Apr 24 '12 at 20:43