If you want to use this layout for all section like titles (section, subsection and subsubsection) you can use
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\sectionlinesformat[4]{%
\tikz\node[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=blue!20,right color=white]
{\parbox{\textwidth}{\raggedsection\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}};%
}
\makeatother
Example
\documentclass{scrbook}
%\providecommand*\Ifstr{\ifstr}% needed up to and including KOMA-Script version 3.27, see https://komascript.de/faq_deprecatedif
\usepackage{tikz}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\sectionlinesformat[4]{%
\tikz\node[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=blue!20,right color=white]
{\parbox{\textwidth}{\raggedsection\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}};%
}
\makeatother
\usepackage{blindtext} %dummy text
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{test}
\section{Overview}
\addsec{Section without number}
\section*{Second section without number}
\section{Implementation}
\section{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsection{Subsection}
\subsection*{Second section without number}
\subsection{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsubsection{A Subsubsection}
\Blindtext
\end{document}

If subsubsection should get the default layout use
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\sectionlinesformat[4]{%
\Ifstr{#1}{subsubsection}
{\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}
{\tikz\node[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=blue!20,right color=white]
{\parbox{\textwidth}{\raggedsection\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}};}%
}
\makeatother
Example:
\documentclass{scrbook}
%\providecommand*\Ifstr{\ifstr}% needed up to and including KOMA-Script version 3.27, see https://komascript.de/faq_deprecatedif
\usepackage{tikz}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\sectionlinesformat[4]{%
\Ifstr{#1}{subsubsection}
{\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}
{\tikz\node[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=blue!20,right color=white]
{\parbox{\textwidth}{\raggedsection\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}};}%
}
\makeatother
\usepackage{blindtext} %dummy text
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{test}
\section{Overview}
\addsec{Section without number}
\section*{Second section without number}
\section{Implementation}
\section{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsection{Subsection}
\subsection*{Second section without number}
\subsection{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsubsection{A Subsubsection}
\Blindtext
\end{document}

If you want to use different colors depending on the section level you could use nested \Ifstring commands. But I would define a color name for each level (the color name must depend on the section level) and use these colors as left color.
Example:
\documentclass{scrbook}
%\providecommand*\Ifstr{\ifstr}% needed up to and including KOMA-Script version 3.27, see https://komascript.de/faq_deprecatedif
\usepackage{tikz}
\colorlet{sectionbg}{blue!20}
\colorlet{subsectionbg}{orange!20}
\colorlet{subsubsectionbg}{green!20}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand\sectionlinesformat[4]{%
\tikz\node[inner xsep=0pt,inner ysep=0.3ex,left color=#1bg,right color=white]
{\parbox{\textwidth}{\raggedsection\@hangfrom{\hspace*{#2}#3}{#4}}};%
}
\makeatother
\usepackage{blindtext} %dummy text
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\chapter{test}
\section{Overview}
\addsec{Section without number}
\section*{Second section without number}
\section{Implementation}
\section{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsection{Subsection}
\subsection*{Second section without number}
\subsection{a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry a very long section entry}
\subsubsection{A Subsubsection}
\Blindtext
\end{document}

\Ifstr{#1}{subsubsection}to change colors according to level, but it doesn't seem to work. Is there a way to do it? – Apr 10 '20 at 20:06