Use the tocloft package.
% newlistofprob.tex (revised) SE 566579
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{tocloft}
%% the next creates a \listofinstruction macro
\newlistof[chapter]{instruction}{ins}{All Instructions}
%%% a guess at your instruction command
%\newcommand{\instruction}[1]{%
% \refstepcounter{instruction}
% \par\noindent\textbf{Instruction \theinstruction} #1
% \addcontentsline{ins}{instruction}{\protect\numberline{\theinstruction}}\par}
\newenvironment{instruction}[1]{%
\refstepcounter{instruction}
\noindent
\textbf{Instruction \theinstruction\ #1 }\par
\addcontentsline{ins}{instruction}{\protect\numberline{\theinstruction}#1}%
}%
{\par}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
%% insert space in listofinstruction between chapters
\pretocmd{\chapter}{\addtocontents{ins}{\protect\addvspace{10pt}}}{}{}
\begin{document}
\listofinstruction
\chapter{First}
\begin{instruction}{An instruction}
text of the instruction
\end{instruction}
%\instruction{Another instruction}
\begin{instruction}{Another instruction}
text of the instruction
\end{instruction}
\chapter{Second}
\begin{instruction}{An instruction}
text of the instruction
\end{instruction}
\begin{instruction}{Another instruction}
text of the instruction
\end{instruction}
\end{document}
Please read the tocloft manual for more detailed explanation. As you have not provided an MWE I have no idea how you have coded for "instructions". I provided something but I'm sure that not what you have done, but it gives you an idea of what is needed to get an instruction into the listofinstruction.
EDIT: I have changed my answer to give what I think might be more appropriate for the OP.
tocloftin combination withlisting. Have look here: https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/306858/list-of-listings-similar-to-list-of-figures – nhck Oct 13 '20 at 08:00