Create figures with tikz (frames)

Question

I was thinking of creating a figure similar to this:

On first glance, it looked quite doable through tikz

see MWE but when it comes to styles and refining the figure, I am a bit at a loss

having the tree grow down and to the right (for "Lesart"),
having different styles for the "bubbles" (Nomen, maus, Lesart) and "arrows" and arrows ending without bubble
having different spacing

/On a side note, is there also a way to change fonts for figures to make them more readable?

Would you mind to help here?

\documentclass[
  12pt,
  a4paper,
  headings=standardclasses,
  listof=totoc,
  numbers=noenddot
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{showframe}
\usepackage[left=2.50cm, right=2.50cm, top=2.50cm, bottom=2.00cm, footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[main=ngerman, english]{babel}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{graphdrawing}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs}
\usegdlibrary{trees}
\begin{document}
%
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, every node/.style={circle, draw, minimum size=0.75cm}]
\graph [tree layout, grow=down, fresh nodes, level distance=1in, sibling distance=0.5in]
    {
         Nomen -> { 
          Maus -> {Genus,Numerus,Register,Flex, Lesart 1 -> {" "," "," "}, Lesart 2 -> {" "," "," "}}
        } 
    };
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Updated version that produces the unwanted configuration of arrows stemming from the same place:

    \documentclass[
  12pt,
  a4paper,
  headings=standardclasses,
  listof=totoc,
  numbers=noenddot
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{showframe}
\usepackage[left=2.50cm, right=2.50cm, top=2.50cm, bottom=2.00cm, footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[main=ngerman, english]{babel}
\usepackage[babel, german=quotes]{csquotes}
\usepackage[ngerman]{isodate}
\usepackage[ngerman]{datetime}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%   FIGURES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%\usepackage{graphicx}
%\graphicspath{ {./figures/} }
%\usepackage{lscape}
%\usepackage[final]{pdfpages}
%\usepackage{chngcntr}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest} % linguistic figures
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,fit,positioning,shapes.symbols,chains}
\forestset{
east branch/.style = {grow=east, child anchor=west,
                      if level = 3{text width=2ex,draw=none,edge=dashed}{}}
          }% end of forestset
\begin{document}
    \begin{forest}
for tree = {
% node style
    circle,
    draw,
    text width = 4em, text badly centered,
      if level = 2{font=\sffamily\scshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
                  {font=\sffamily\itshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
     inner sep = 1pt,
/tikz/every label/.append style = {align=left, 
    font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
% tree style
    child anchor=north,
    edge = {-{Straight Barb[angle=60:2pt 3]}, semithick},
    l sep=12mm,
    s sep=2mm,
           }
% tree body code
[Nomen, double, dashed, label=right: Versuh fuer einem \
                                     Lexem-Frame fuer \textit{Mause},
    [/maus/, double,
        [Genus              [femin.]]
        [Numerus            [sing.]]
        [Register/\ Silver [neutral]],
        [Flex.-Klasse   [Sg. I. Pl. S1/U.,
                         label=right:Angabe der Flexionklasse hier\
                                      nach \textsc{Duden-Grammmatic}\textsuperscript{7} 2005
                        ]
        ],
        [Lesart\ 1,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=-9mm,s=35mm},
            []  []  []
        ]
        [test\ 2,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=+9mm,s=35mm},

            []  []  []
        ]
    ]
]
    \end{forest}
\end{document}

Zarko · Accepted Answer · 2021-03-24T10:58:24.793

One more solution with forest.

Edit (1): Slightly improved MWE code by introducing \forestset for settings of branches directed to east.

Edit (2): Added newtxtext packages that all fonts in nodes can be sffamily, corrected text in nodes.

Edit (3): Corrected positioning of text in nodes:

\documentclass[margin=3.141592mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\forestset{
east branch/.style = {grow=east, anchor=center, child anchor=west,
                      if level = 3{text width=2ex,draw=none,edge=dashed}{}}
          }% end of forestset
\begin{document}
    \begin{forest}
for tree = {
% node style
    circle,
    draw,
    text width = 3.4em, text badly centered,
     inner sep = 1pt,
        anchor = center,
if level = 2{font=\sffamily\scshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
            {font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
if level = 3{font=\sffamily\itshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}{},
/tikz/every label/.append style = {align=left, 
    font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
% tree style
    child anchor=north,
    edge = {-{Straight Barb[angle=60:2pt 3]}, semithick},
    l sep=12mm,
    s sep=2mm,
           }
% tree body code
[Nomen, double, dashed, label=right: Versuh fuer einem \
                                     Lexem-Frame fuer \textit{Mause},
    [/maus/, double,
        [Genus              [femin.]]
        [Numerus            [sing.]]
        [Register/\ Silver [neutral]],
        [Flex.-Klasse   [Sg. I. Pl. S1/U.,
                         label=right:Angabe der Flexionklasse hier\
                                      nach \textsc{Duden-Grammmatic}\textsuperscript{7} 2005
                        ]
        ],
        [Lesart\ 1,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=-9mm,s=35mm},
            []  []  []
        ]
        [Lesart\ 2,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=+9mm,s=35mm},

            []  []  []
        ]
    ]
]
    \end{forest}
\end{document}

Addednum: In case that some of yours forest diagram use the linguistics library, you can use it on the following way:

in preamble instead loading \usepackage[linguistics]{forest} load
```
\usepackage{forest}
\useforestlibrary{linguistics}
```

when you need to use a forest linguistics diagram, then insert \forestapplylibrarydefaults{linguistics} in local group, for example:

\begingroup
\forestapplylibrarydefaults{linguistics}
\begin{forest}
% forest specification
% linguistics diagram code
\end{forest}
\end{group}

Please consider recent version of my forest code. It is more concise and has improved diagram layout.

For some reason, it will align all arrow roots at the same spot for mouse image when using your example, do you happen to know why? — user236381, Mar 24 '21 at 07:51
@user236381, hm, I cant reproduce your problem. Showed image is produced with MWE in answer (with old and new, slightly improved version). It seems that you add parent anchor to my code. Do you really need it? — Zarko, Mar 24 '21 at 07:55
I have edited the code with the problem into the main question :) — user236381, Mar 24 '21 at 09:52
@user236381, ah, you use linguistics library. See addendum to my answer (will appear ASAP). BTW, try to use recent version of MWE in my answer. — Zarko, Mar 24 '21 at 10:36

Jasper Habicht · Answer 2 · 2021-03-24T07:33:11.697

Welcome to TeX.SX! Since you already load it, why don't you use the forest package:

\documentclass[
  12pt,
  a4paper,
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\forestset{
 default preamble={
  for tree={
   circle,
   draw,
   font=\footnotesize,
   edge=->,
   l=25mm,
  }
 },
 eastbound/.style={
  edge path={\noexpand\path\forestoption{edge}--(.west)\forestoption{edge label};},
  grow=east, 
  ignore,
 },
}
\begin{forest}
 [Nomen, dashed
  [Maus
   [Genus]
   [Numerus]
   [Register]
   [Flex]
   [Lesart 1, before computing xy={l=15mm,s=35mm}, eastbound
    [{},draw=none][{},draw=none][{},draw=none]] 
   [Lesart 2, before computing xy={l=-5mm,s=35mm}, eastbound
    [{},draw=none][{},draw=none][{},draw=none]] 
  ]
 ]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Edit: You can simplify the edge path set-up and automatically process empty nodes:

\documentclass[
  12pt,
  a4paper,
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\forestset{
 default preamble={
  for tree={
   circle,
   draw,
   font=\footnotesize,
   edge=->,
   edge path={\noexpand\path\forestoption{edge}--()\forestoption{edge label};},
   l=25mm,
  },
  delay={
   where content={}{
    draw=none,
    edge=dashed,
   }{},
  }
 },
}
\begin{forest}
 [Nomen, dashed
  [Maus
   [Genus]
   [Numerus]
   [Register]
   [Flex]
   [Lesart 1, before computing xy={l=15mm,s=35mm}, grow=east, ignore
    [][][]] 
   [Lesart 2, before computing xy={l=-5mm,s=35mm}, grow=east, ignore
    [][][]] 
  ]
 ]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

See also: Forest: different growing directions for branches on the same level

Create figures with tikz (frames)

2 Answers2