My biblatex-ext bundle contains the package biblatex-ext-tabular that can be used to typeset tabular bibliographies. The code in the bundle is based on Audrey's code from tabular bibliography with biblatex, but bundling it up in a package means it is easier to use.
Here is a very simple definition that just prints header and title of your @reference entries. For more complex definitions have a look at the biblatex-ext documentation (§6 Tabular Bibliographies in v0.12).
\documentclass[british]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=gost-authoryear,]{biblatex}
\usepackage{biblatex-ext-tabular}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{%
>{\raggedright\let\newline\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}
\defbibtabular{bibtabular}
{\setlength{\LTpre}{0pt}%
\setlength{\LTpost}{0pt}%
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{2}%
\begin{longtable}{%
@{}
|L{\dimexpr0.35\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}|
L{\dimexpr0.65\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}|
@{}}
\hline
\textbf{Standard designator} & \textbf{Name}\
\hline
\endfirsthead}
{\end{longtable}}
{\anchorlang{\printfield[default]{heading}}
& \plainlang{\printfield{title}}\\hline}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@Reference{QR_160D,
heading = {QR---160D},
title = {Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment},
}
@Reference{ASTM_D2196_18,
heading = {ASTM D2196---18},
title = {Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties
of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}
\begin{document}
Lorem \autocite{sigfridsson,QR_160D,ASTM_D2196_18}
\printbibliography[nottype=reference]
\printbibtabular[type=reference, title=Standards]
\end{document}

In response to further comments and questions.
I don't think it is possibly to sort by keywords (and since keywords are internal markers, I think it would be tricky to sort by keywords anyway, plus they have a very particular semantic: e.g. if you give multiple keywords for the same entry, order should not matter, but it would for sorting). But it is possible to cook up sorting based on keywords with a Biber sourcemap. In this case, however, I feel entrysubtype is much more appropriate than keywords for the job, so I used that.
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[russian]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[
style=gost-authoryear,
backend=biber,
language=autobib,
autolang=other,
clearlang=true,
defernumbers=true,
sortcites=true,
sorting=none,
mcite=false,
doi=false,
isbn=false,
singletitle=true,
labeltitle=true,
uniquename=true]{biblatex}
\usepackage{biblatex-ext-tabular}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{array}
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{%
>{\raggedright\let\newline\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}p{#1}}
\defbibtabular{bibtabular}
{\setlength{\LTpre}{0pt}%
\setlength{\LTpost}{0pt}%
\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{2}%
\begin{longtable}{%
@{}
|L{\dimexpr0.35\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}|
L{\dimexpr0.65\textwidth-\tabcolsep\relax}|
@{}}
\hline
\textbf{Standard designator} & \textbf{Name}\
\hline
\endfirsthead}
{\end{longtable}}
{\anchorlang{\printfield[default]{heading}}
& \plainlang{\printfield{title}}\\hline}
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex]{
\map{
\step[fieldsource=entrysubtype, match=\regexp{\Astandard\Z}, final]
\step[fieldset=presort, fieldvalue=AA]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource=entrysubtype, match=\regexp{\Aotherstandard\Z}, final]
\step[fieldset=presort, fieldvalue=BB]
}
\map{
\step[fieldsource=entrysubtype, match=\regexp{\Ainterstatestandard\Z}, final]
\step[fieldset=presort, fieldvalue=CC]
\step[fieldset=title, null]
}
}
}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@reference{QR_160D,
heading = {QR---160D},
title = {Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment},
entrysubtype = {standard},
}
@reference{QR_160A,
heading = {QR---160A},
title = {Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment},
entrysubtype = {standard},
}
@reference{QR_160F,
heading = {QR---160F},
title = {Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment},
entrysubtype = {standard},
}
@reference{ASTM_D2196_18,
heading = {ASTM D2196---18},
title = {Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties
of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer},
entrysubtype = {otherstandard},
}
@reference{ASTM_D2196_19,
heading = {ASTM D2196---19},
title = {Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties
of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer},
entrysubtype = {otherstandard},
}
@reference{ASTM_D2196_11,
heading = {ASTM D2196---11},
title = {Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties
of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer},
entrysubtype = {otherstandard},
}
@reference{ASTM_D2196_48,
heading = {ASTM D2196---48},
title = {Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties
of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer},
entrysubtype = {otherstandard},
}
@reference{IEC_60063,
heading = {IEC~60063},
title = {Marking codes for resistors and capacitors},
entrysubtype = {interstatestandard},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
%\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}
\begin{document}
Lorem \cite{QR_160D, ASTM_D2196_18, ASTM_D2196_11, ASTM_D2196_19}
\cite{QR_160A, ASTM_D2196_11, ASTM_D2196_48, QR_160F,IEC_60063}
\newrefcontext[sorting=nty]
\printbibtabular[type=reference]
\end{document}
