Why does loading polyglosssia first cause an option clash with newtxtext as in the following example? And is there a way to avoid the option while still loading polyglossia first? (Loading it after works OK.)
% !TEX TS-program = XeLaTeX
\documentclass{article}
% This load order --> option clash for \usepackage{newtxtext}:
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setdefaultlanguage[variant=american]{english}
\setotherlanguages{french,german,polish,russian}
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ntxtlf}
\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}
\usepackage[vvarbb]{newtxmath}
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec} % only if you want to load other opentype fonts.
\usepackage{newtxtext}
% This load order OK:
%\usepackage{polyglossia}
%\setdefaultlanguage[variant=american]{english}
%\setotherlanguages{french,german,polish,russian}
\newfontfamily{\cyrillicfont}{PT Serif}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[math]{blindtext}
\begin{document}
Their names in Cyrillic are \textrussian{Алекс'{а}ндров}, \textrussian{Т'{и}хонов}, and \textrussian{Урыс'{o}н}.
\blindmathpaper
\end{document}
Related: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/448589/13492 and https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/210276/13492.

\usepackage[T1,T2A]{fontenc}in xelatex then certainly all hyphenation will be wrong as xelatex loads no hyphenation patterns for 8-bit encodings. – David Carlisle Nov 19 '21 at 17:33