The dot accent doesn't appear with the document class acmart together with the MnSymbol package.
\documentclass{acmart}
\usepackage{MnSymbol}
\begin{document}
[\dot{v}]
\end{document}
Changing the document class to article solves it, as does removing MnSymbol.

MnSymbol? It provides symbols that aren't compatible with Libertinus, the font used byacmart. – egreg Jun 07 '23 at 07:52