How can I place figures beside items?

Question

I'm trying to recreate a national math exam in LaTeX, but I'm struggling to put a figure besides the number of the question.

The original idea was to make the final product like this:

Question 16 (here woukd lie the centered picture, with the question number at the margin of the paper)

Here would be the statement of the question

And here would be the answer options, aligned with the statement.

a) Alternative A

b) Alternative B

c) Alternative C

d) Alternative D

e) Alternative E

But when I tried to type:

\item 
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{figure.png} 
\end{figure}    
    If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that
\begin{enumerate}[a)]
\item $h-R+2R=0$
\item $2h-2R-3H=0$
\item $2h-R+3H=0$
\item $2h+2R-H=0$
\item $h-3R+H=0$
\end{enumerate} 

it made the final text like this:

When I desired to make the text like this:

How can I turn the first image like the second?

(I made the second image on Paint, I don't know how to do it properly in LaTeX)

Answer 1

Is this what you want (more or less)?

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}% for valign
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\textbf{Question \arabic}]
\item 
\hfil \includegraphics[width=1in, valign=t]{example-image} \par
    If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph)]
\item $h-R+2R=0$
\item $2h-2R-3H=0$
\item $2h-R+3H=0$
\item $2h+2R-H=0$
\item $h-3R+H=0$
\end{enumerate} 
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

Answer 2

I was going to answer with the valign approach, but since this has already been answered, here are alternative ways using paracol. Just for fun, the MWE avoid make the questions in a long nested list, and I use linguex to simplify the syntax of answer items.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[tmargin=1cm,bmargin=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{linguex}
\renewcommand{\SubExRBr}{)}
\AtBeginDocument{
\setlength{\Exlabelwidth}{.5em}
\setlength{\Exindent}{1em}
\setlength{\Extopsep}{1em}}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{paracol}\columnsep 3em
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcounter{question} 
\def\question{\addtocounter{question}{1}\paragraph*{Question \thequestion:}} 
\newcommand\img[2][1]{\includegraphics[width=#1\linewidth]{#2}} 
\begin{document}
% option 1: image in a column of 40%,  question and  items beside
\columnratio{0.6} 
\begin{paracol}{2}
\question If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item $h-R+2R=0$
\item $2h-2R-3H=0$
\item $2h-R+3H=0$
\item $2h+2R-H=0$
\item $h-3R+H=0$
\end{enumerate} 
\switchcolumn\centering
\img{example-image-a} 
\end{paracol}
% option 2:the same, but with linguex instead of enuitem, aand imagen zoomed at 80%   
\columnratio{0.6}
\begin{paracol}{2}[\question]
If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that
\a. $h-R+2R=0$ % item restart the count
\b. $2h-2R-3H=0$  
\b. $2h-R+3H=0$ 
\b. $2h+2R-H=0$
\b. $h-3R+H=0$\par % or blank line (mandatory)
\switchcolumn
\hfill % or \centering or  or nothing  (to the consumer's taste)
\img[0.8]{example-image-b}
\end{paracol}
% option 3 Quistion is above, not beside the image,
\columnratio{0.5}
\begin{paracol}{2}[\question  If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that]
\baselineskip2em
\a. $h-R+2R=0$ % item restart the count
\b. $2h-2R-3H=0$  
\b. $2h-R+3H=0$ 
\b. $2h+2R-H=0$
\b. $h-3R+H=0$\par%
\switchcolumn
\img{example-image-16x9} 
\end{paracol}
% The redistributing spaces for long answers  and portrait image at aligned at bottom
\columnratio{0.7}
\begin{paracol}{2}[\question]
\a.[] If the hemisphere, the cylinder and the right circular cone have the same volume, it is true that\\[\parskip] 
\a. \lipsum[1][1-2]\\[\parskip]
\b. \lipsum[2][1-2]\\[\parskip]
\c. \lipsum[3][1-2]\\[\parskip]
\d. \lipsum[4][1-2]\\[\parskip]
\e. \lipsum[5][1-2]\par%
\switchcolumn
\vfill
\img[.8]{example-image-9x16} 
\end{paracol}
\end{document}