Random colors:
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{pgffor, xcolor}
\usepackage{pgfmath}
\pgfmathdeclarerandomlist{color}{{red!20!yellow}{blue}{yellow}{green!20}{red}{black!20}{orange}}% declare random list
\setkomafont{sectioning}{\pgfmathrandomitem{\randcolor}{color}\color{\randcolor}}% use random list
\begin{document}
%Showcase only!
\let\cleardoublepage\relax
\foreach \x in {A,...,H}{
\chapter{\x}}
\newpage
\end{document}

Cycle thru list
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{pgffor, xcolor}
\usepackage{pgfmath}
%The following list must be very long to make sure that pgfmath
%does not try to read a non existing element
% pgfarrys start form index 0 but chapters start form 1 so "dummy" is needed
% in order to have it started form the desired (first) color
% this could be any element cause it't not read anyway
\def\mytemparray{{"dummy" ,"blue!20!green","yellow","green!20","red","black!20","orange","red!20!yellow" ,"blue","yellow","green!20","red","black!20","orange"}}%
\setkomafont{sectioning}{\pgfmathparse{\mytemparray[\thechapter]}\color{\pgfmathresult} }
\begin{document}
%Showcase only!
\let\cleardoublepage\relax
\foreach \x in {A,...,H}{
\chapter{\x}}
\newpage
\end{document}

I used KOMAScript to alter the appearance of the chapters, just to make thing easy for me. Nevertheless the shown techniques should work with any approach to alter the sectioning.