Debian has latex-beamer for 2.10 in unstable. You could rebuild it on your machine, or possibly just install the binary directly. (See Debian latex-beamer package page for more information. Click on the unstable version on the left for downloads.) It doesn't have much by way of dependencies. It is also possible that some more recent version of Ubuntu has 2.10. You didn't specify which version of Ubuntu you are using.
Also, building or updating Debian/Ubuntu packages is not really that hard, if you are willng to do a little work.
# apt-cache policy latex-beamer
latex-beamer:
Installed: 3.07-2
Candidate: 3.07-2
Version table:
3.10-1 0
50 http://debian.csail.mit.edu/debian/ unstable/main i386 Packages
*** 3.07-2 0
500 http://debian.csail.mit.edu/debian/ squeeze/main i386 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
Package: latex-beamer
[...]
Version: 3.10-1
Depends: pgf (>= 1.00-1), latex-xcolor (>= 2.00-1), texlive-latex-base