I am having difficulty with producing an MWE, but let me describe the issue. I have a large document with tons of equations and run into issues with spacing. Most of the time it is fine, everything looks good; however, precisely when the line immediately prior to the equation is about to break (i.e., the text fills the entire line), the equation is preceded with additional vertical spacing, as seen on the image below.
Equation (5.15) shows this issue, however (5.16) does not. Since the line before (5.15) is about to break, is there a chance that the extra space is due to an empty line being inserted?
I tried reproducing this exact situation to produce an MWE, but XeLaTeX makes different line-breaking decisions. As a result I cannot reproduce this precise error. Any clues about the causes of this behavior or ways to avoid it?
This is the offending fragment:
particles separately, effectively using $M = 1$, but consider executing the sampling algorithm in an unchanged form, but simultaneously for $M \geq 1$ at a time. At the coarsest level we generate $M$ samples
\begin{equation}
\vec x_{V_m}^j \sim \hat{P}(\vec x_{V_m}^j)
\end{equation}
and perform the conditional
samples {}), and there's no room for that space on that line, an extra blank line will be forced. there will be an "underfull \hbox (badness 10000)" in the log file to point this out. a more frequent cause of such a blank line (and not just between text and a display) is the insertion of a double backslash \ at the end of the line; this too will get an "underfull" message. – barbara beeton Dec 19 '13 at 19:28[fleqn]is involved, judging from the inserted output example). – barbara beeton Dec 19 '13 at 19:42ClassicThesiscompiled underXeLaTeX, withamsmath[fleqn],unicode-mathand a host of other things. I tried reproducing this behavior, but failed with this minimal set of packages. – Up-and-coming LaTeX Mastah Dec 19 '13 at 19:47%aftersamplesto comment out the line end before the equation? – David Carlisle Dec 19 '13 at 21:57%at the line end before the equations helped! Is this the only solution, or do I have to insert%s everywhere? – crateane Dec 27 '15 at 10:05%there should make no difference, so something is wrong with the setup – David Carlisle Dec 27 '15 at 16:13fleqndocument class option, long text lines, andhyperrefpackage. – Werner Jun 07 '16 at 02:05