A standard diagram produced by pgf-umlsd uses only basic arrows, for example:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, fit, calc, shapes, arrows}
\usepackage[underline=false]{pgf-umlsd}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[H]
\centering
\begin{sequencediagram}
\newinst{c}{Client}
\newinst[6]{s}{Server}
\mess[1]{c}{Longer label}{s}
\mess[1]{s}{label}{c}
\mess[1]{c}{label}{s}
\mess[1]{s}{Longer label}{c}
\end{sequencediagram}
\caption{Client-Server messaging}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

I would like to adjust the length and the tip of any given arrow. For example, being able to draw something like:

Can this be done by applying local changes to a figure?

tikzpicturea valuable alternative tosequencediagrambecause then you can/have to draw everything by hand. You are including the packagetikzanyway. Are you interested in such a solution? – strpeter Jan 21 '14 at 21:54