Update:
The following is now historical. The bug was fixed with MiKTeX update from 2014-04-10, cf. regarding entry in MiKTeX Bug Tracker: Map file missing for "esvect".
There is a very simple reason: MiKTeX installs all of esvect, except esvect.map, that is required to use the type 1 versions of the fonts. It actually exists in esvect-src.tar.bz2, but the simplest thing to do is to download the map file from here, for instance, and install it in Your_local_TeXMF\fonts\map\dvips\esvect.
As MiKTeX does not create a local TeXMF by default, create one if you haven't done it yet – with all the subdirectories mentioned above.
Then:
refresh the FNDB via MiKTeX Settings
check if the file "updmap.cfg" in …\MiKTeX\2.9\miktex\config contains this line: Map esvect.map. If it does, jump to step 4.
if it doesn't, write the line in your personal updmap.cfg, which should be located in C:\Users\YourName\AppData\Roaming\MiKTeX\2.9\miktex\config
run updmap so as the refresh the database of type 1 fonts.
Actually for esvect, you won't have to go through step 3, but I preferred to describe the general procedure. It is also valid for fonts that you would install by yourself.
You will find much more detailed explanations in Create a local texmf tree in MiKTeX, to be adapted with the actual path names in your version of Windows (I gave the paths for Windows 7 Pro).
.log? Also read the final paragraph under section 1 Installation of theesvectdocumentation. – Werner Apr 02 '14 at 15:10