Equation number for each row of a matrix equation

Question

Is it possible to give an equation number to each row of a matrix equation?

How could I have equation labels in the vein of subequation numbers, one for each row of the matrix equation? Here, I'd like equation numbers such as, e.g., (3.1a), (3.1b), (3.1c) (I don't mean row/column labels as in a bordered matrix).

Thanks!

Answer 1

Hmm! not really supported LaTeX syntax but

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\newsavebox\labelbox

\begin{document}

\savebox\labelbox{$\begin{matrix}
\refstepcounter{equation}(\theequation)\label{aa}\\
\refstepcounter{equation}(\theequation)\label{bb}\\
\refstepcounter{equation}(\theequation)\label{cc}
\end{matrix}$}

\[
  \begin{bmatrix}
    H            & J^T       & -Z^{\frac12} \\
    J            & -\delta I &              \\
    -Z^{\frac12} &           & -X
  \end{bmatrix}
  \begin{bmatrix}
    r \\ s \\ t
  \end{bmatrix}
  =
  \lambda
  \begin{bmatrix}
    H &   &  \\
      & U &  \\
      &   & W
  \end{bmatrix}
  \begin{bmatrix}
    r \\ s \\ t
  \end{bmatrix}
\eqno
\usebox{\labelbox}
\]

[\ref{aa}]
[\ref{bb}]
[\ref{cc}]
\end{document}

Answer 2

Below there is a possible quick and dirty alternative if one needs AMS-\tags. The drawback is that it requires some manual height adjustment in the first matrix. This solution would not exist without the solution of David. Thanks, David! I needed this too.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\par\noindent\begin{minipage}[c][][c]{0.9\textwidth}
  \begin{align*}
  \begin{matrix}
    1\cdot x_1&+&2\cdot x_2&+&3\cdot x_3&=&4\\[3pt]
    5\cdot x_1&+&6\cdot x_2&+&7\cdot x_3&=&8\\[3pt]
    9\cdot x_1&+&10\cdot x_2&+&11\cdot x_4&=&12
  \end{matrix}
  \end{align*}
\end{minipage}\begin{minipage}[c][][c]{0.1\textwidth}
  \begin{align}\refstepcounter{equation}
    \tag{\theequation a}\label{eq:1a}\\[0pt]
    \tag{\theequation b}\label{eq:1b}\\[0pt]
    \tag{\theequation c}\label{eq:1c}    
  \end{align}
\end{minipage}
\end{document}

Answer 3

By accident I discovered a simple and straight-forward way. If one has some large column in the actual matrix one should set a corresponding phantom in the numeration matrix. One could also add a \displaystyle in the equation number matrix if that is really needed.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\ltxlabel}{\ltx@label}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\begin{align}\refstepcounter{equation}
  \begin{bmatrix}
    H            & J^T       & -Z^{\frac12} \\
    J            & -\delta I &              \\
    -Z^{\frac12} &           & -X
  \end{bmatrix}
  \begin{bmatrix}
    r \\ s \\ t
  \end{bmatrix}
  =
  \lambda
  \begin{bmatrix}
    H &   &  \\
    & U &  \\
    &   & W
  \end{bmatrix}
  \begin{bmatrix}
    r \\ s \\ t
  \end{bmatrix}
  \tag*{$\begin{matrix}
      \text{(\theequation a)}\\
      \text{(\theequation b)}\\
      \text{(\theequation c)}
    \end{matrix}$}
  \ltxlabel{eq:matrix}
\end{align}
The first row (\ref{eq:matrix}a) is the most important row of the matrix.
\end{document}

Answer 4

Here's a way to manually avoid the need to manipulate the counter. I create two \vboxes. The first is an array of blank subequations, and the second is the desired matrix in a simple \[...\] construct. Then I stack the two \vboxes atop each other. Voila!

I've even set it up so that adjusting the vertical baselineskip of the matrix (since I used TABstacks) is automatically reflected in the vertical separation of the equation numbering (through the use of the \aligngap macro).

One could, if desired, replace my TABstacks with {bmatrix}es and it would still work, though the definition of \aligngap would in that case, need some tweaking.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,tabstackengine,lipsum}
\newsavebox\boxA
\def\aligngap{\dimexpr\Lstackgap-15pt\relax}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]

{\setstackgap{L}{14pt}% SELECTABLE MATRIX ROW BASELINESKIP
\setbox0=\vbox{\begin{subequations}%
  \begin{align}\label{eq:A}\\[\aligngap]\label{eq:B} \\[\aligngap]\label{eq:C}\end{align}%
  \end{subequations}}
\savebox\boxA{\vbox{\[
  \setstacktabbedgap{5pt}
  \bracketMatrixstack{
    H            & J^T       & -Z^{\frac12} \\
    J            & -\delta I &              \\
    -Z^{\frac12} &           & -X}
  \bracketVectorstack{r \\ s \\ t}
  =
  \lambda
  \bracketMatrixstack{
    H &   &  \\
      & U &  \\
      &   & W}
  \bracketVectorstack{r \\ s \\ t}
\]}}
\noindent\stackengine{3.5pt}{\box0}{\usebox{\boxA}}{O}{c}{F}{F}{L}}

In equations \ref{eq:A}, \ref{eq:B}, and \ref{eq:C},
\lipsum[2]
\end{document}