A circular table? (where the rows form concentric circles)

Question

I would need to make a table where the rows consist of concentric circles. That is, row 1 is forms the innermost circle; row 2 the second circle; row 3 the third circle and so on. The columns would thus form pizza slices meeting in the center of the circles.

What I'm trying to do is to recreate a series of tables on the basis of the one pictured below (for what it's worth, the table is from a Jesuit work published in China in 1626). The five instances of one and the same letter ("a", "e", "i" etc) would all be in the same column but on different rows.

I would provide some kind of elementary MWE if I could, but I don't know where to start. I'd appreciate any help I can get. Thank you!

Answer 1

I’m not sure if this answers “How do I change the list of letters for every row” or not, but:

Here’s the diagram with a different outer row than the inner rows. I used a \foreach loop to “simultaneously” iterate over two variables, \romanized and \outer. (You can easily extend this to more than two variables.) The code is essentially stolen from the previous two answers.

\documentclass[varwidth,border=1em]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,decorations.text}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node at (90:5.5) {\Large 萬國音韻話圖};
\def\ct{30}
\def\halfring{ʿ}
\foreach \romanized/\outer [count=\i] in {
    % No guarantees that the Chinese characters are correct
    a/丫, e/額, i/衣, o/阿, u/午, ç/則, \halfring ç/測, ch/者, \halfring ch/搐,
    k/格, \halfring k/克, p/克, \halfring p/魄, t/德, \halfring t/忒, j/日, v/物,
    f/弗, g/額, l/勒, m/麥, n/搦, s/色, x/石, h/黑, b/〇, d/〇, r/〇, z/〇,
} {
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{90-360/\ct*\i}
    \draw (\angle-360/\ct/2:1.5) -- (\angle-360/\ct/2:4.5);
    \node[rotate=-90+\angle] at (\angle:4.25) {\outer};
    \foreach \r in {1,...,5} {
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\radius}{1.25+\r*0.5}
        \node[rotate=-90+\angle,text depth=0,text height=1ex] at (\angle:\radius)
             {\sffamily\itshape\romanized};
    }
}
\foreach \r in {1,...,8,8.1} { \draw (0,0) circle(0.5+\r*0.5); }
\foreach \inner [count=\i] in {次淸甚,次濁甚,次上甚,次去甚,次入甚} {
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{90-360/5*\i-360/\ct/2}
    \draw (\angle:1) -- (\angle:1.5);
    \draw[decorate, decoration={reverse path, text align=center,
          text along path, text={\inner}}] (\angle:1.125) arc (\angle:\angle+360/5:1.125);
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

Starting point:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \letter [count=\i] in {q,w,e,r,t,y,u,i,o,p,a,s,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,z,x,c,v,b, → n,m} {
 \pgfmathsetmacro{\angle}{-360/26*\i}
 \draw (\angle-360/26/2:1.25) -- (\angle-360/26/2:4.75);
 \foreach \r in {1,...,7} {
    \pgfmathsetmacro{\radius}{1+\r*0.5}
    \node[rotate=-90+\angle] at (\angle:\radius) {\letter};
 }
}
 \foreach \r in {1,...,8}  {
     \draw (0,0) circle(0.75+\r*0.5);
}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

Another attempt where text can be written onto it via \curvedtext taking 4 argumments #1=angle, #2=radius, #3=color, #4=content. This solution uses foreach loop to draw the circles and rays.

\foreach \rr in {5,10,...,25}{  % radius can be adjusted for one's selection.
  \draw  (A) circle (\rr);
}
\foreach \aa in {1,...,\pp}{
\draw ($(A)+({\aa*360/\pp}:10)$) --  ($(A)+({\aa*360/\pp}:25)$); 
}

To draw the rays, one needs to provide \pp for number of slices. This example has 20 slices. So each slice is 18 degree. With that information, one can determine the location (polar coordinates) of each slots to put text in.

Code

\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}%{article}
%\usepackage[papers=30cm,paperwidth=35cm,margin=1in,heightrounded]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,decorations.text}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\def\curvedtext#1#2#3#4{%
\path[decorate, decoration={text along path, text align=center, text={|\color{#3}\small|#4}}]
($(A)+(#1+20:#2)$) arc (#1+20:#1-20:#2);
}    % borrowed from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/177455/34618
\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.2]
% center
\path  (0,0) coordinate(A);
% circles
\foreach \rr in {5,10,...,25}{
  \draw  (A) circle (\rr);
}
\def\pp{20} % nb of slices
% rays
\foreach \aa in {1,...,\pp}{
\draw ($(A)+({\aa*360/\pp}:10)$) --  ($(A)+({\aa*360/\pp}:25)$); 
}
\curvedtext{45}{22}{blue}{ABC};
\curvedtext{27}{22}{blue}{DEF};
\curvedtext{9}{22}{blue}{HIJ};
\curvedtext{25}{17}{red}{B};
\curvedtext{7}{12}{green!60!black}{C};
\path[draw,decorate, decoration={text along path, text align=center, text={A very long sentence around the circular path and...}}] (0,0) circle (8);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}