Here is another suggestion based on the example in this article by Markus Kohm at www.komascript.de
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{microtype}
\newcommand*{\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry}{}
\let\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry\addchaptertocentry
\renewcommand*{\addchaptertocentry}[2]{%
\ifstr{#1}{}{% entry without number
\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry{#1}{#2}%
}{% entry with number
\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry{}{%
\string\expandafter\string\MakeUppercase\string\chaptername
~#1\string\quad\textls[500]{#2}}%
}%
}%
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\addchap{Preface}
\chapter{Alpha}
\chapter{Beta}
\chapter{Gamma}
\addchap{Appendix}
\end{document}

I have increased the letter spacing to show the effect.
If the letter spacing should be increased for the whole chapterentry you can use
\newcommand*{\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry}{}
\let\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry\addchaptertocentry
\renewcommand*{\addchaptertocentry}[2]{%
\ifstr{#1}{}{% entry without number
\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry{#1}{#2}%
}{% entry with number
\SavedOriginaladdchaptertocentry{}{%
\string\expandafter\string\MakeUppercase\string\chaptername
~#1\string\quad{}#2}%
}%
}%
\addtokomafont{chapterentry}{\textls[200]}
Note that \textls[200] have to be the last command for the chapterentry font element because it needs an argument

KOMAwith\setkomafont{chapterentry}{your_font_specification_here}– Mario S. E. Jun 01 '14 at 12:27