Since you're already loading the caption package, you could proceed as follows:
\begin{figure}[p] % this "float" will reside on a floats-only page
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{Figure.pdf}
% note: no \caption and \label for now
\end{figure}
\clearpage % insert a page break
\captionof{figure}{caption}
\label{label}
To create some unambiguous visual separation between the caption and the remaining material on that page, you could insert instructions such as \hrule\bigskip following \label.
That said, are you sure it's necessary to display the image file so large that the caption won't fit on the same page? E.g., you could try writing
\includegraphics[height=0.9\textheight]{Figure.pdf}
This should provide enough remaining space on the page to permit the caption being typeset on that page as well.
\labelmust always come after the caption if you want cross-references (via\ref) to the floats to be correct. Put differently, thefigureenvironment does not increment thefigurecounter; the counter incrementing is performed by\caption(or\captionof). – Mico Aug 28 '19 at 16:32