You can use the fontsetup package for easy configuration of fonts if you are willing to use XeLaTeX/LuaLaTeX. It supports two sans serif fonts Fira Sans and GFS Neohellenic, both with math support as of writing this answer.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[fira]{fontsetup}
%\usepackage[gfsneohellenic]{fontsetup}
\begin{document}
\section{Some section header.}
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG.
1234567890
\begin{align}
\oint_{\gamma} \sum_{i=0}^n \int \bigcup \bigcap \
\symup{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omega \pi \rho \sigma \phi \psi \tau \omega}\
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omega \pi \rho \sigma \phi \psi \tau \omega \
\partial \hbar \symbb{R, C, N, Z, Q}
\end{align}
\end{document}
Fira:
GFS Neohellenic: 
There exists Lato Math, but not on CTAN, probably because it is not polished enough. Generated .otf file from GitHub: LatoMath.otf.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\setmainfont{Lato}
\setmathfont{LatoMath.otf}
\begin{document}
\section{Some section header.}
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG.
1234567890
\begin{align}
\oint_{\gamma} \sum_{i=0}^n \int \bigcup \bigcap \
\symup{\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omega \pi \rho \sigma \phi \psi \tau \omega}\
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omega \pi \rho \sigma \phi \psi \tau \omega \
\partial \hbar \symbb{R, C, N, Z, Q}
\end{align}
\end{document}

You can use the notomath package for sans serif text and math (on pdfLaTeX, LuaLaTeX and XeLaTeX). Noto math has open type support planned for the future as well.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[sfdefault]{notomath}
\begin{document}
\section{Some section header.}
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG.
1234567890
\begin{align}
\oint_{\gamma} \sum_{i=0}^n \int \bigcup \bigcap \
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta \eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu \nu \xi \omega \pi \rho \sigma \phi \psi \tau \omega \
\partial \hbar \mathbb{R, C, N, Z, Q}
\end{align}
\end{document}

I don't know how to make the summation and the integral signs sans serif in Noto.
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}code. (Nothing against it, but this is the kind of code makes me embarrassed to explain to newcomers) – alfC Mar 22 '13 at 20:50\usepackage{helvet}does not provide Helvetica font, but an Helvetica clone called Nimbus Sans L. – Jul 24 '13 at 08:09packageand some "ugly" command. For example http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/arial/ which reads\usepackage[scaled]{uarial} \renewcommand*\familydefault{\sfdefault} \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}– alfC Jul 24 '13 at 22:48\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}and\usepackage{helvet}in the preamble. Now I decided I actually don't like how it looks like. I erased the commands and compiled the document again, but it's giving me the same Helvetica font style. How can I change to the default LaTeX-font again? – Sep 14 '13 at 17:40\usepackage{fixthefonts}so much less ugly than\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}? For newcomers I think it's good to just show them the defaultarticlestyle withlipsumand then insert/remove commands and see how the document changes. There's no getting around the "programming" (non-WYSIWYG) nature of LaTeX, in my opinion. They will have to want to edit a plain-text file of commands, or else they want LyX/something else. – isomorphismes Jun 04 '14 at 00:16fixthefont? :) – alfC Jun 04 '14 at 04:09