I followed closely the instructions in this tutorial to install a fresh TeXLive on my Ubuntu system, including the fake package and the font cache instruction:
sudo fc-cache -fsv
Still, I am unable to use the Garamond font which is supposed to be part of TeXLive.
This is demonstrated by the following simple file:
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage[urw-garamond]{mathdesign}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\nobreakspace}{\leavevmode\nobreak\ }
\begin{document}
\normalfont
The quick brown fox jumps over the sleazy dog.
\end{document}
Which fails to generate a PDF with the following error
!pdfTeX error: pdflatex (file ugmr8a.pfb): cannot open Type 1 font file for rea
ding
Plain latex works just fine, but gain if I write dvipdf myfile.dvi I get the same error message:
dvips: ! Couldn't find font file ugmr8a.pfb
The tfm files seem to exist though:
find /usr/local/texlive/ -name "ugmr*"
/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/mathdesign/mdugm/ugmr8a.tfm
/usr/local/texlive/2014/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/mathdesign/mdugm/ugmri8a.tfm
Could the error be related to the instruction to remove Type 1 fonts in the tutorial?

I would greatly appreciate a direct answer solving this particular problem and/or a simple tutorial on how the KPS* and updmap work.
getnonfreefontsfor the Garamond font used bymathdesign. You find instructions at http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/47491/can-i-install-fonts-from-ctan-using-tex-live-utility (the question is about Mac OS X, but the answer is for generic Unix). – egreg Apr 17 '15 at 22:05getnonfreefonts-sys- do NOT usegetnonfreefonts. @egreg meansgetnonfreefonts-sysreally, I think. – cfr Apr 17 '15 at 22:31