An older version of fontawesome - version 2013/05/10 v3.1.1 - would have compiled to the following (compile with XeLaTeX):

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\newfontfamily{\FA}{FontAwesome}
% generic command to display an icon by its name
\makeatletter
\newcommand*{\faicon}[1]{%
{\FA\csname faicon@#1\endcsname}}
\makeatother
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@camera\endcsname {\symbol{"F030}} \def\faCamera {{\FA\csname faicon@camera\endcsname}}
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@camera-retro\endcsname {\symbol{"F083}} \def\faCameraRetro {{\FA\csname faicon@camera-retro\endcsname}}
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@table\endcsname {\symbol{"F0CE}} \def\faTable {{\FA\csname faicon@table\endcsname}}
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@file\endcsname {\symbol{"F016}} \def\faFile {{\FA\csname faicon@file\endcsname}}
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@file-alt\endcsname {\symbol{"F0F6}} \def\faFileAlt {{\FA\csname faicon@file-alt\endcsname}}
\expandafter\def\csname faicon@picture\endcsname {\symbol{"F03E}} \def\faPicture {{\FA\csname faicon@picture\endcsname}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\toprule
Command & Icon \\
\midrule
\verb+\faCamera+ & \faCamera \\
\verb+\faCameraRetro+ & \faCameraRetro \\
\verb+\faTable+ & \faTable \\
\verb+\faFile+ & \faFile \\
\verb+\faFileAlt+ & \faFileAlt \\
\verb+\faPicture+ & \faPicture \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
The new equivalence would be

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{lc}
\toprule
Command & Icon \\
\midrule
\verb+\faCamera+ & \faCamera \\
\verb+\faCameraRetro+ & \faCameraRetro \\
\verb+\faTable+ & \faTable \\
\verb+\faFileO+ & \faFileO \\
\verb+\faFileTextO+ & \faFileTextO \\
\verb+\faPictureO+ & \faPictureO \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
\faPhoto is an alias for \faPictureO.
.logsay? If the log file is unclear, you could edit your question to post the portions of it that seem most likely related to the problem. – jon Sep 18 '15 at 17:51