Here is a solution, based on the plain tex set of macros insbox. I defined \InsertListR command, based on the original \InsertBoxR command. It takes $2$ arguments: the number of lines untouched before insertion of a box, and the inserted contents. An optional argument can be used in case the number of required shorter lines is not well calculated: the number of supplementary shorter lines. You cannot have a caption with this code.
I took the opportunity to simplify the rest of the code and improve your table, loading the siunitx package for the vertical alignment of the numbers in the cells, and cellspace, to have some vertical padding of the rows.
\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,final]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[spanish]{babel}
\usepackage{mathtools,stackengine,amsfonts,amssymb,graphicx,wrapfig}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{output-decimal-marker={,}}
\usepackage{cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{4pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{4pt}
\addparagraphcolumntypes{S}
% # START ## Márgenes #
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{
a4paper,
height=24cm, % height of the text block
width=17cm, % width of the text block
top=3cm, % distance of the text block from the top of the page
headheight=1.7cm, % height for the header block
headsep=1.5cm, % distance from the header block to the text block1
footskip=1cm,
}
% # END ## Márgenes #
% # START # Paquete para añadir imágenes
% Centrar imagen
%\begin{figure}[h]
%\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{logo-uc3m2}
%\centering
%\end{figure}
% # END # Paquete para añadir imágenes
% # START ## Fuente #
\usepackage{mathpazo,euler}
\linespread{1.00}
% # END ## Fuente #
% # START ## Quitar sangría inicial #
% Poner \indent para indentar.
% Poner \noindent para quitar indentación.
\newlength\tindent
\setlength{\tindent}{\parindent}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\renewcommand{\indent}{\hspace*{\tindent}}
% # END ## Quitar sangría inicial #
\input{insbox}
\makeatletter
\@InsertBoxMargin = 12pt
\makeatother
\geometry{showframe, nomarginpar}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\newcommand*{\wrapitem}{\pretocmd{\labelenumi}{\hskip\leftmargin}{}{}\item\apptocmd{\labelenumi}{\hskip-\leftmargin}{}{}}
%
\newcommand{\InsertListL}[3][]{%
\setlength{\leftskip}{\leftmargin}\mbox{}\vspace*{-\baselineskip}%
\InsertBoxL{#2}{#3}[#1]\par \hspace{\itemindent}
}%
\newcommand{\InsertListR}[3][]{%
\par\mbox{}\vspace*{-\baselineskip}\setlength{\leftskip}{\leftmargin}%
\InsertBoxR{#2}{\hskip-\leftmargin#3\hskip\leftmargin}[#1]
}%
\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}
\item Algunas de las variables de este fichero presenta bimodalidad debido a diferencias entre chicos y chicas. Utilizando los histogramas y el coeficiente de curtosis, indica en qué variable es más acusada esta bimodalidad (compara sólo las variables peso, altura, zapato, dinero (que llevan en el bolsillo) y tiempo (que tardan en llegar a la universidad)). Justifica la respuesta.
\begin{figure}[hp]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=2.85in]{DATA/histogram_peso-sexo_3-4}
\includegraphics[width=2.85in]{DATA/histogram_altura-sexo_3-4} & \\[2ex]
\includegraphics[width=2.85in]{DATA/histogram_zapato-sexo_3-4.png}
\includegraphics[width=2.85in]{DATA/histogram_dinero-sexo_3-4} & \\[2ex]
\includegraphics[width=2.85in]{DATA/histogram_tiempo-sexo_3-4}
\end{tabular}
\end{figure}%
\InsertListR[4]{0}{
\begin{tabular}{|Cl|*{2}{S[table-format =-1.6]|}}
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{|Cc|}{\textbf{Coeficiente de Curtosis}} \\ \hline
& {\textbf{sexo=0}} & {\textbf{sexo=1}} \\ \hline
\textbf{Peso} & 4,37531 & 1,21824 \\ \hline
\textbf{Altura} & -0,97849 & 0,946925 \\ \hline
\textbf{Zapato} & -0,28973 & -0,620593 \\ \hline
\textbf{Dinero} & 6,88646 & 2,99526 \\ \hline
\textbf{Tiempo} & -0,497143 & 0,106985 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}}
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\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

wraptable? – Werner Sep 18 '15 at 22:24wraptablein the neighbourhood ofa a list environment, and precisely, you mentionedenumerate. Could you post a minimal example reproducing the problem? – Bernard Sep 19 '15 at 09:27wrapfig. – Bernard Sep 19 '15 at 18:35