The package does
\def\faHtml5{\faicon{html5}}
\def\faCss3{\faicon{css3}}
\def\faBattery3{\faicon{battery-3}}
\def\faBattery4{\faicon{battery-4}}
\def\faHourglass1{\faicon{hourglass-1}}
\def\faBattery0{\faicon{battery-0}}
\def\faBattery2{\faicon{battery-2}}
\def\faHourglass2{\faicon{hourglass-2}}
\def\faBattery1{\faicon{battery-1}}
\def\faHourglass3{\faicon{hourglass-3}}
While the first two give no real problem, provided you always use the literal input, the \faHourglass and \faBattery families will not work; only \faBattery1 and \faHourglass3 are legal.
I suggest fixing them like
\documentclass[border=2]{standalone}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
% fix the wrong symbols
\renewcommand{\faHourglass}[1][]{%
\faicon{hourglass\if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax\else-#1\fi}%
}
\renewcommand{\faBattery}[1][4]{%
\faicon{battery-#1}%
}
\begin{document}
\faHourglass\ \faHourglass[1]\ \faHourglass[2]\ \faHourglass[3]
\faBattery\ \faBattery[0]\ \faBattery[1]\ \faBattery[2]\ \faBattery[3]\ \faBattery[4]
\end{document}

Or you can simply fix \faHourglass and use the already existing synonyms.
\documentclass[border=2]{standalone}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
% fix the wrong symbol
\renewcommand{\faHourglass}{\faicon{hourglass}}
\begin{document}
\faHourglass\ \faHourglassStart\ \faHourglassHalf\ \faHourglassEnd\ \faHourglassO
\faBatteryEmpty\ \faBatteryQuarter\ \faBatteryHalf\ \faBatteryThreeQuarters\ \faBatteryFull
\end{document}

Both tested with pdflatex, xelatex and lualatex. Be sure to have the last version of FontAwesome.otf.
\def\faHourglass{\faicon{hourglass}}after\usepackage{fontawesome}-- this looks like a bug in the package – May 15 '16 at 20:39\faHourglass1and this is simply wrong. A number of other symbols are faulty too e.g. \faBattery4. – Ulrike Fischer May 15 '16 at 20:44\faHourglass3will work because the package has overwritten its initial definition offaHourglassin a way which requires it to be followed by3. However, it may not give you the particular hourglass symbol you want. – cfr May 15 '16 at 20:53