LinLibertineT font not found but available in filesystem

Question

The following minimal not-working example (mnwe) gives me an issue with the used libertine font:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{libertine}
\begin{document}
  \section{Hello World}
  Lorem ipsum, ...
\end{document}

When building with pdflatex, I get the following error:

pdfTeX error: pdflatex (file LinLibertineT-tlf-ot1--base): Font LinLibertineT-tlf-ot1--base at 600 not found
Check the TeX log file for more information

The missfont.log file contains the following:

mktexpk --mfmode / --bdpi 600 --mag 1+0/600 --dpi 600 LinLibertineT-tlf-t1--base
mktexpk --mfmode / --bdpi 600 --mag 1+0/600 --dpi 600 LinLibertineT-tlf-ot1--base

And the TeX log:

(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/libertine/libertine.sty
Package: libertine 2014/11/25 (Bob Tennent) Supports Libertine and Biolinum fon
ts for all LaTeX engines.


(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/libertine/LinLibertine_I.tex)) (./mwe.aux)
\openout1 = `mwe.aux'.

LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for TS1/cmr/m/n on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for TS1+cmr on input line 3.

(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/ts1cmr.fd
File: ts1cmr.fd 2014/09/29 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions
)
LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 3.
LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for OT1+LinuxLibertineT-TLF on
 input line 3.

(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/libertine/OT1LinuxLibertineT-TLF.fd
File: OT1LinuxLibertineT-TLF.fd 2012/11/26 (autoinst) Font definitions for OT1/
LinuxLibertineT-TLF.
)
LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OT1/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/m/n' will be
(Font)              scaled to size 10.0pt on input line 3.
\c@mv@tabular=\count88
\c@mv@boldtabular=\count89
LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OT1/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/m/n' will be
(Font)              scaled to size 14.4pt on input line 4.
LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OT1/LinuxLibertineT-TLF/b/n' will be
(Font)              scaled to size 14.4pt on input line 4.
 [1

{/home/user/.texlive/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./mwe.aux)
 ) 
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
 2013 strings out of 493013
 34424 string characters out of 6139316
 70831 words of memory out of 5000000
 5586 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
 8253 words of font info for 19 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
 1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
 27i,4n,33p,172b,109s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s

!pdfTeX error: pdflatex (file LinLibertineT-tlf-ot1--base): Font LinLibertineT-
tlf-ot1--base at 600 not found
 ==> Fatal error occurred, no output PDF file produced!

I have texlive 2016.42515-2 installed on ArchLinux with kernel 4.8.13-1-ARCH. I tried to manually locate the missing font and was able to find it:

 0 ✓ user@alcor ~ $ find /usr/share/texmf-dist/ | grep -i "LinLibertineT\-tlf\-ot1\-\-base"
/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/libertine/LinLibertineT-tlf-ot1--base.tfm

Now I am wondering why pdflatex does not recognize that font?