Here is a workaround, using enumitem and the insbox plain TeX macro package.
With enumitem, you can change the right margin of a list, choosing the number of items which correspond to the height of the graphics you want to insert, use the \InsertBoxR command before the list, then use the resume key in a new list. Some minor adjustment of vertical spacing between the two lists has to be done.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry}%
\usepackage{graphicx, enumitem}%
\input{insbox}
\begin{document}
\subsection*{1. Persona}
Text text text text text text text text text text text text text. More text more text more text more text more text more text more text more text more text.
\begin{itemize}[before=\setlength{\rightmargin}{2in}\vspace*{-\dimexpr\topsep + \partopsep}
\InsertBoxR{0}{\raisebox{-\dimexpr\height+\topsep+\partopsep+\baselineskip}[0pt][0pt]{\includegraphics{euclid}}}, after=\vspace{\dimexpr\itemsep-\topsep}]
\item \textbf{Jméno} - Adam
\item \textbf{Pohlaví} - muž
\item \textbf{Věk} - 21 let
\item \textbf{Stav} - svobodný, bezdětný
\item \textbf{Práce} - student vysoké školy (Vysoké učení technické fakulta podnikatels
\item \textbf{Stav} - svobodný, bezdětný
\item \textbf{Práce} - student vysoké školy (Vysoké učení technické fakulta podnikatels
\end{itemize}
\begin{itemize}[topsep = 0pt]%
\item \textbf{Práce} - student vysoké školy (Vysoké učení technické fakulta podnikatels
\item \textbf{Práce} - student vysoké školy (Vysoké učení technické fakulta podnikatels
\end{itemize}
\end{document}

wrapfigmanual, especially the part thatwrapfigureshould not be used inlist- like environment, e.g.itemizeetc.? – Jan 22 '17 at 12:10