\newline command is not working inside a displayed equation

Question

\begin{frame}

$$\partial_t \bar{A_{ij}}= e^{-4\phi}(-(D_iD_j\alpha)^{TF}+\alpha(R_{ij}^{TF}-8\pi S_{ij}^{TF})+\alpha(K\bar{A_{ij}}-2\bar{A_{il}}\bar{A_j^l})
+\beta^k\partial_k\bar{A_{ij}} + \newline
\bar{A_{ik}}\partial_j \beta^k+\bar{A_{kj}}\partial_i \beta^k-{2 \over 3}\bar{A_{ij}}\partial_k \beta^k)$$
\end{frame}

I am trying \newline to split the equation into the second line but it is not working.

Answer 1

I assume your document uses the beamer document class. If so, the formula suffers from several problems.

• First and foremost, $$ ...$$ is designed for single-line displayed equations: One cannot have line breaks in such a construct. I suggest you use a multline* environment.

• The formula has multiple instances of things like \bar{A_{ij}}. The \bar "accent" isn't long enough to span the entire formula. Write either \bar{A}_{ij} or, if the bar accent is supposed to span the entire subformula, \overline{A_{ij}}. In the code below, I've chosen the former option.

• Your formula contains the subformula {2 \over 3}. One should not use the Plain-TeX \over directive in a LaTeX document. You should write either \frac{2}{3} or -- if you want a smaller term, with text-style fraction term appearance -- \tfrac{2}{3}. See the posting What is the difference between \over and \frac? for more information on this specific issue.

• There's one group of parentheses that spans (nearly) the entirely formula. To give it a bit more visual prominence, I suggest you (a) use square brackets instead of round parentheses and (b) use \bigl and \bigr to increase their size a bit.

\documentclass{beamer}
%\usepackage{amsmath} % is loaded automatically by "beamer" class
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}

\begin{multline*}
\partial_t \bar{A}_{ij}= e^{-4\phi}
\bigl[-(D_iD_j\alpha)^{TF}
+\alpha(R_{ij}^{TF}-8\pi S_{ij}^{TF})
+\alpha(K\bar{A}_{ij}-2\bar{A}_{il}\bar{A}_j^l)\\
+\beta^k\partial_k\bar{A}_{ij} 
+\bar{A}_{ik}\partial_j \beta^k
+\bar{A}_{kj}\partial_i \beta^k
-\tfrac{2}{3}\bar{A}_{ij}\partial_k \beta^k\bigr]
\end{multline*}

\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 2

With \usepackage{amsmath}:

\begin{frame}
\begin{align}
\partial_t \bar{A_{ij}} &= e^{-4\phi}(-(D_iD_j\alpha)^{TF}+\alpha(R_{ij}^{TF}-8\pi S_{ij}^{TF})+\alpha(K\bar{A_{ij}}-2\bar{A_{il}}\bar{A_j^l})
+\beta^k\partial_k\bar{A_{ij}} + \\
& \bar{A_{ik}}\partial_j \beta^k+\bar{A_{kj}}\partial_i \beta^k-{2 \over 3}\bar{A_{ij}}\partial_k \beta^k)
\end{align}
\end{frame}

Answer 3

I suggest using the multline environment, and playing with the framed parameters to define an eqframed environment, so the distance from the horizontal lines of the frame to the equation body be not too large. Note the frame will be \textwidth wide.

So I propose an alternative solution, based on empheq (which loads amsmath, so needless to load the latter), which puts an \fbox around the equation, and is easier to customise than framed. The difference is not very important in the present case since your equation lines are wide:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{empheq, framed}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage[svgnames]{xcolor}
\newcommand*\widefbox[1]{\setlength{\fboxsep}{8pt}\setlength\fboxrule{1pt}\fcolorbox{IndianRed}{white}{\enspace#1\enspace}}
\newenvironment{eqframed}{\setlength\FrameSep{0pt}\framed}{\endframed}

\begin{document}

\begin{eqframed}
  \begin{multline*}
    ∂_t \bar{A_{ij}}= e^{-4ϕ}(-(D_iD_jα)^{TF}+α(R_{ij}^{TF}-8πS_{ij}^{TF})+α(K\bar{A_{ij}}-2\bar{A_{il}}\bar{A_j^l})\\
    +\beta^k∂_k\bar{A_{ij}} +
    \bar{A_{ik}}∂_j \beta^k+\bar{A_{kj}}∂_i \beta^k-{2 \over 3}\bar{A_{ij}}∂_k \beta^k)
  \end{multline*}
\end{eqframed}

\begin{empheq}[box=\widefbox]{multline*}
  ∂_t \bar{A_{ij}}= e^{-4ϕ}(-(D_iD_jα)^{TF}+α(R_{ij}^{TF}-8πS_{ij}^{TF})+α(K\bar{A_{ij}}-2\bar{A_{il}}\bar{A_j^l})\\
  +\beta^k∂_k\bar{A_{ij}} +
  \bar{A_{ik}}∂_j \beta^k+\bar{A_{kj}}∂_i \beta^k-{2 \over 3}\bar{A_{ij}}∂_k \beta^k)
\end{empheq}

\end{document} 

Answer 4

If you want a boxed equation with multiple lines then you need to use \boxed command with aligned environment inside an equation environment. Also, the equation above looks crowded, so enhance readability by adding spaces using \thinspace command in certain places (such as between \alpha and (). The source code for the above result:

\documentclass{book}

\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}

\begin{equation}
\boxed{
        \begin{aligned}
            %
            \partial_t \bar{A_{ij}} = & e^{-4\phi} \Big[ -(D_i D_j \alpha)^{TF} + \alpha \thinspace (R_{ij}^{TF} - 8 \pi S_{ij}^{TF}) + \alpha \thinspace (K \bar{A_{ij}} - 2 \bar{A_{il}} \bar{A_j^l})
            \\
            + & \beta^k \partial_k \bar{A_{ij}} + \bar{A_{ik}} \partial_j \beta^k + \bar{A_{kj}} \partial_i \beta^k - {2 \over 3} \bar{A_{ij}} \partial_k  \beta^k) \Big]
            %
        \end{aligned}
    }
\end{equation}

\end{document}