If you want to show an "identifying key" in your .bib file when you cite it, by using \usepackage{natbib}, you can add \defcitealias{the name of the identifying key}{the name of the identifying key}. And when you cite it, you \citealias{the name of identifying key}. That is all.
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biblatexornatbibor something else. This is probably easiest withbiblatex. – Alan Munn Nov 13 '17 at 17:16biblatex, there is ashorthandfield you can add to your.bibentries for these works which specifies how they are supposed to be cited. See How do I cite classical works with biblatex?. – Alan Munn Nov 13 '17 at 17:35