Here is a solution using the scrbook class, the hyperref package, and the \automark option of scrlayer-scrpage. You can hide the links by adding the hidelinks option to hyperref. The command
\automark[section]{section}
updates the \headmark command to be the title of the current section for both even and odd pages. Then, the command
\ohead{\hyperlink{section.\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}}{\headmark}}
sets the outer header to be a hyperlink whose text is \headmark and whose target is the beginning of the current section. Note that the first page of a chapter does not have a header by default.
You can also produce links to chapters instead of sections by uncommenting the corresponding code below.
\documentclass{scrbook}
\usepackage{nameref}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\usepackage{scrlayer-scrpage}
\usepackage{hyperref}
% Use this to link to sections on both sides
\automark[section]{section}
\ohead{\hyperlink{section.\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}}{\headmark}}
% Use this to link to chapters on both sides
%\automark[chapter]{chapter}
%\ohead{\hyperlink{chapter.\arabic{chapter}}{\headmark}}
% Use this to link to chapters on even pages and sections on odd pages
%\automark[section]{chapter}
%\lehead{\hyperlink{chapter.\arabic{chapter}}{\headmark}}
%\rohead{\hyperlink{section.\arabic{chapter}.\arabic{section}}{\headmark}}
\pagestyle{scrheadings}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Ch1}
\section{Ch1, S1}
\lipsum[1-8]
\section{Ch1, S2}
\lipsum[1-8]
\section{Ch1, S3}
\lipsum[1-8]
\chapter{Ch2}
\section{Ch2, S1}
\lipsum[1-8]
\section{Ch2, S2}
\lipsum[1-8]
\section{Ch2, S3}
\lipsum[1-8]
\end{document}

hyperrefas well as thetitlesecdocumentations, if you don't get an answer (although I doubt it). – thymaro Jan 20 '18 at 11:37fancyhdrpackage (or something similar)? – Mico Jan 20 '18 at 11:43