If you use one of the "standard" LaTeX document classes (article, report, book) or a document class that's built on one of these classes, you could use >{\tt} as the "prefix" to the relevant column type. A full MWE (minimum working example):
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}
$\begin{array}{>{\tt}c}
aaaa
\end{array}$
\end{document}
The KOMA-Script document classes (e.g., scrartcl, scrreport, scrbook) and the memoir class no longer define \tt. If you use one of these classes, you will also need to provide the following directive in the preamble:
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
as well as \usepackage{array}. A suitably modified MWE:
\documentclass{scrreprt} % or: \documentclass{memoir}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\usepackage{array}
\begin{document}
$\begin{array}{>{\tt}c}
aaaa
\end{array}$
\end{document}
>{\tt}works just fine in math mode. – Mico Feb 25 '18 at 19:47\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}is perhaps a cleaner answer than mine (although it's the same thing really) you should probably post as answer. – David Carlisle Feb 25 '18 at 20:08