A simple version to overlay your map is to use tikzmark (although your Karnaugh map does not really look nice). For ease of use I made all columns with bits equally wide (you may want to add some height with \extrarowheight or stretch the table using \arraystretch).

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{c|wc{1em}|wc{1em}|wc{1em}|wc{1em}|c}
$y_0$ & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{$x_0$} &\multicolumn{2}{c}{$\overline{x_0}$}\\ \cline{1-5}
$x_1$ &1\tikzmark{c1}&0&0&\tikzmark{c2}1&$\overline{x_3}$\\\cline{2-6}
&0&\tikzmark{ul}1&1&0&$x_3$\\\cline{1-5}
$\overline{x_1}$ &0&1&1\tikzmark{br}&0&\\\cline{2-6}
&1\tikzmark{c3}&0&0&\tikzmark{c4}1&$\overline{x_3}$\\\cline{2-5}
&$\overline{x_2}$&\multicolumn{2}{c|}{$x_2$}&$\overline{x_2}$\\
\end{tabular}
\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,remember picture]
\draw[red,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=-1.25em,yshift=-2pt]pic cs:c1) -| ++(1.75em,1.25em);
\draw[red,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=-1.25em,yshift=7pt]pic cs:c3) -| ++(1.75em,-1.25em);
\draw[red,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=1.25em,yshift=-2pt]pic cs:c2) -| ++(-1.75em,1.25em);
\draw[red,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=1.25em,yshift=7pt]pic cs:c4) -| ++(-1.75em,-1.25em);
\draw[red,rounded corners=5pt] ([xshift=-4pt,yshift=.7em]pic cs:ul) rectangle ([yshift=-.3em,xshift=4pt]pic cs:br);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
karnaugh-map(with a hyphen) has examples close to what you're asking for. – Bernard Apr 14 '18 at 18:14