The mathspec package allows you to set maths text fonts. Unfortunately this doesn't actually solve the punctuation problem. Code to do that was posted here: Punctuation marks in math mode in xetex/mathspec Here's an example.
% !TEX TS-program = XeLaTeX
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath} % must be loaded before mathspec
\usepackage{mathspec}
\setmainfont [Mapping=tex-text, Scale=MatchUppercase] {DejaVu Serif}
\setmathsfont(Latin,Digits){DejaVu Serif}
% The following code is from https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/38711/2693
\makeatletter
\DeclareMathSymbol{,}{\mathpunct}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{`,}
\DeclareMathSymbol{.}{\mathord}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{`.}
\DeclareMathSymbol{<}{\mathrel}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{`<}
\DeclareMathSymbol{>}{\mathrel}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{`>}
\DeclareMathSymbol{/}{\mathord}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{`/}
\XeTeXDeclareMathSymbol{^^^^2026}{\mathinner}{\eu@LatinLowercase@symfont}{"2026}[\mathellipsis]
\makeatother
\begin{document}
This, a sample sentence, is some regular text.
\[
g(n) =
\begin{cases}
\frac{2}{3}n & \text{if } n \equiv 0 \mod 3,\\
\frac{4}{3}n + \frac{1}{3} & \text{if } n \equiv 1 \mod 3,\\
\frac{4}{3}n - \frac{1}{3} & \text{if } n \equiv 2 \mod 3.
\end{cases}
\]
\end{document}

mathspecpackage, which allows you to set the maths text fonts. – Alan Munn Feb 04 '12 at 17:47mathastextorunicode-mathfor more comprehensive support. – Chel Feb 04 '12 at 20:54