This answer is only partial to explain the fonts available from windows system that are natively accessible to XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX other answers should address the Plain Tex Fonts Your first ports of call for primary TeX choices should be http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/ and ftp://tug.ctan.org/pub/tex-archive/info/Free_Math_Font_Survey/survey.html
Your Windows system will have hundreds of fonts and the name you use in one area will likely be different in another.
When you use a word processor such as notepad write (WordPad) or MSword
Most (but not necessarily all fonts) come from the system font directory and you can see their basic names from the command prompt (console window) using this command >
dir %windir%\fonts
over 450 in my current set
This does not help to see what they look like or their working name e.g. towards the end of your list you should see in addition to verdana.ttf one called verdanai.ttf which will be used in place of Verdana when Italics is selected in an editor. To see the fonts visually either press windows key and then F O at which point you should be offered Font Previewer. or for the traditional folder view in file explorer address bar enter
%SystemRoot%\system32\control.exe fonts
Now I only see my 161 families to chose from. Again note NEITHER of these two viewers show the available character maps (there is a separate system tool to review and edit single characters.)
What the viewers do is let you compare styles and confirm system names such as "Comic Sans MS" which often trips users up as it is simply referenced as Comic Sans by many.
So to round up If you use the default XeLaTeX template available in the main distro version of TeXworks and simply use {Comic Sans MS} or any other system font as main font you get this

or like this

from How to install Bickham font or similar font
\fontthere will be several thousand names – David Carlisle Jan 15 '19 at 01:25font-changepackage does most of the hard work for you... – Thruston Jan 15 '19 at 17:21