Consider the following table
\documentclass[12pt, bibliography=totocnumbered, listof=totoc]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}
\usepackage[flushleft]{threeparttable}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h]
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\renewcommand*\TPTnoteLabel[1]{\parbox[b]{19pt}{\hfill#1}}
\caption{DiD-Matching Schätzer}
\label{tab:DiD}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\toprule
& Wertschöpfung & Beschäftigung & Gewinnspanne & Exporte \\
\toprule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\textit{Jahresvergleiche: Vorbehandlungsperiode}} \\
\midrule
$t$ \\
2013 & $\hat{\tau}_{1,13}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{2,13}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{3,13}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{4,13}$\\
2014 & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\
2015 & & \\
2016 & & \\
2017 & $\hat{\tau}_{1,17}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{2,17}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{3,17}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{4,17}$\\
\noalign{\vskip 2mm}
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\textit{Vergleich: Aggregierte Vorbehandlungsperiode}} \\
\midrule
Phase III & $\hat{\tau}_{1,III}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{2,III}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{3,III}$ & $\hat{\tau}_{4,III}$ \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\begin{tablenotes}
\footnotesize
\item Aggregierte Vorbehandlungsperiode: $2003-2004$, Phase III: $2013-2017$.
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}
I am trying to reduce the size of \vdots so there should be additional distance between the table rows due to the size of \vdots

\vdotslike command as shown here: https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/112212/134144 However, I would prefer [CarLaTeX's variant using `\multirow](https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/471932/134144) – leandriis Jan 26 '19 at 10:05