Since underscores are not used very often in regular text, it's likely that your use of them is for small snippets of code. If this is the case, it's simplest to use a verbatim environment or macro. This will render pretty much anything as it is typed, with no escaping of special characters required. It will also display the text in the current \ttfamily font.
Without any packages you can use \verb|a_SYMBOL|. The | character used to delimit the text can be | or any non-reserved non-alphanumeric character.
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\verb|an_SYMBOL|
\verb!an_SYMBOL!
\verb.an_SYMBOL.
\end{document}
If you have a lot of these, it's useful to make the markup even simpler. You can do this by loading the fancyvrb package (other packages can do the same thing) and define the delimiter explicitly, in which case you don't need the \verb part:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fancyvrb}
\DefineShortVerb{\|}
\begin{document}
|a_SYMBOL|
\end{document}
\verb|an_SYMBOL|. Or if you load thefancyvrbpackage and use\DefineShortVerb{\|}in the preamble you can simply use|an_SYMBOL|to get the same effect. – Alan Munn Mar 17 '19 at 22:15