A general version that works across math styles.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,scalerel}
\newcommand\doverline[1]{\ThisStyle{%
\setbox0=\hbox{$\SavedStyle\overline{#1}$}%
\ht0=\dimexpr\ht0-.15ex\relax% CHANGE .15 TO AFFECT SPACING
\overline{\copy0}%
}}
\begin{document}
$\overline{X} + \doverline{X}$
$\scriptstyle\overline{X} + \doverline{X}$
$\scriptscriptstyle\overline{X} + \doverline{X}$
\end{document}

If you only require it in \displaystyle,
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcommand\doverline[1]{%
\setbox0=\hbox{$\overline{#1}$}%
\ht0=\dimexpr\ht0-.15ex\relax% CHANGE .15 TO AFFECT SPACING
\overline{\copy0}%
}
\begin{document}
$\overline{X} + \doverline{X}$
\end{document}
\widebarfrommathabx– egreg Apr 29 '19 at 14:59