All I did was to combine Jasper's link (which has a friendly reminder that one should use \protect here) with the second of your links to get
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\SebastianoBox}[1]{\tikz[baseline={(B.base)}]{%
\node[fill=green!80!black,text=white,font=\bfseries\sffamily\large,rounded
corners=0.2em,minimum width=1.8em,minimum height=1.8em](B){#1};}}
\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\protect\SebastianoBox{\alph*\addtocounter{enumi}{0}}]
\item First item.
\item Second item.
\item Third item.
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}

And here is a smaller version.
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\SebastianoBox}[1]{\tikz[baseline={(B.base)}]{%
\node[fill=green!80!black,text=white,font=\bfseries\sffamily,rounded
corners=0.15em,inner xsep=0.2em,inner ysep=0.1em,align=center,text depth=0.2em,
text height=0.8em,text width=0.8em](B){#1};}}
\begin{document}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\protect\SebastianoBox{\alph*\addtocounter{enumi}{0}}]
\item First item.
\item Second item.
\item Third item.
\end{enumerate}
\end{document}
